Description
ખેતી અને વાવણી માર્ગદર્શિકા — મગફળી AgriBee 999
પાકના શ્રેષ્ઠ સંચાલન, રોગ પ્રતિકારક શક્તિ અને પ્રીમિયમ ગુણવત્તાવાળા ઉત્પાદન માટે સંપૂર્ણ વિગતવાર માર્ગદર્શિકા.
🌾 જમીનની તૈયારી અને ખેડ
જમીનની યોગ્ય તૈયારીથી એકસરખો ઉગાવો અને મૂળનો ઊંડો વિકાસ સુનિશ્ચિત થાય છે.
🌱 યોગ્ય જમીનનો પ્રકાર અને pH
Well-drained sandy loam to loamy soils with pH 6.0 – 7.5. Deep, fertile soils free from waterlogging are ideal for healthy peg penetration and pod development.
✨ મુખ્ય કૃષિ ફાયદા
Loose, well-aerated seedbed promotes rapid germination, strong taproot establishment, and unrestricted peg insertion into the soil for normal pod setting.
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Deep summer ploughing followed by 2–3 cross-harrowings to achieve fine tilth and break soil crusts.
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Field leveling and drainage channel preparation to prevent stagnant water during heavy rains.
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Incorporate 10–12 tonnes/ha of well-decomposed FYM or farmyard compost during last ploughing for soil structure improvement.
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Apply gypsum (calcium sulphate) at 250 kg/ha basal if soil calcium is low; maintain pH near neutral for optimal rhizobial activity.
🌱 વાવણીનો સમય અને પદ્ધતિ
Precise seed rate and spacing maximize light interception and canopy development.
| માપદંડ / પેરામીટર | ભલામણ / સૂચના | કૃષિ મહત્વ |
|---|---|---|
| વાવણી સમયમર્યાદા | June – mid-July (Kharif) upon monsoon onset; October – November (Rabi/Summer in southern zones) | Monsoon-initiated sowing ensures adequate soil moisture for uniform germination and avoids pre-monsoon heat stress on seedlings. |
| બિયારણનો દર (એકર દીઠ) | 100 kg/ha (approximately 40 kg/acre) for untreated seeds; increase slightly for direct drilling in heavier soils | Maintains optimal plant population for canopy coverage, competition against weeds, and efficient resource use. |
| હાર અને છોડ વચ્ચેનું અંતર | 60 cm (row-to-row) × 15 cm (plant-to-plant) | Provides adequate canopy spread, improves air circulation, reduces disease incidence, and facilitates mechanical field operations. |
| વાવણીની ઊંડાઈ | 5 – 7 cm in light soils; 4 – 5 cm in heavy clay soils | Correct depth ensures proper moisture contact for imbibition while allowing plumule emergence without excessive energy expenditure. |
💧 પિયત અને પાણી વ્યવસ્થાપન
Adequate moisture regulation supports strong vegetative and reproductive growth.
☀️ પાણીની જરૂરિયાત અને પિયત પ્રોફાઇલ
મગફળી is moderately drought-tolerant due to its deep taproot system. Total water requirement ranges from 450–600 mm over the crop cycle. Drip irrigation is highly compatible and can save 30–40% water while maintaining uniform soil moisture. The crop performs well under deficit irrigation at critical stages.
🌦️ Soil ભેજ વ્યવસ્થાપન
Under rainfed conditions, ensure timely sowing with residual soil moisture. Use mulching (straw or plastic) to conserve soil moisture and reduce evaporation. Avoid waterlogging at any stage — raised beds or ridges are recommended in heavy soils during monsoon.
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First irrigation at 10–15 days after sowing (DAS) if rainfall is absent, promoting uniform germination and early seedling growth.
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Light irrigation at 30 DAS during active vegetative growth to support leaf area development and branching.
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Critical irrigation at peak flowering (38–45 DAS) and pod development (60–80 DAS) stages — moisture stress during these phases causes flower drop and empty pods.
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Withhold irrigation completely 10–15 days before harvest to allow pod maturation, improve shell quality, and prevent post-harvest fungal contamination.
🧪 ખાતર અને પોષણ વ્યવસ્થાપન
Balanced crop nutrition supports robust plant structure and premium produce quality.
| પોષક તત્વ | ભલામણ કરેલ માત્રા (એકર દીઠ) | ઉપયોગ પદ્ધતિ અને સમય |
|---|---|---|
| નાઇટ્રોજન (N) | 20–25 kg/acre (through Urea or CAN) | 50% basal at sowing + 50% top-dressing at 30 DAS during first weeding. Excess N should be avoided to prevent excessive vegetative growth and delayed maturity. |
| ફોસ્ફરસ (P2O5) | 40–50 kg/acre (through SSP 46% or DAP 18-46-0) | 100% basal application at sowing, placed 5 cm below and beside the seed for optimal root-zone availability and nodulation support. |
| પોટાશ (K2O) | 30–40 kg/acre (through Muriate of Potash — MOP 60%) | 100% basal at sowing. Potash strengthens stem structure, improves disease resistance, and supports oil synthesis in developing kernels. |
🌿 નિંદામણ નિયંત્રણ અને આંતરખેડ
Timely weed control ensures optimal nutrient and moisture availability for crop seedlings.
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1
પ્રથમ નિંદામણ અને ગોડ: Carry out at 15–20 DAS using a hand hoe or rotavator. Remove all competing weeds and loosen the soil surface to improve aeration. This is the most critical weed-free period for groundnut.
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2
બીજી વાવણી અને પાળા ચઢાવવા: Perform at 35–40 DAS simultaneously with first gypsum top-dressing. Earthing-up around the plant base prevents exposure of pegs and developing pods, reduces lodging risk, and improves soil aeration for better peg penetration.
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3
Mulching Operation: Apply black polyethylene mulch or organic straw mulch (3–5 tonnes/ha) immediately after sowing in rainfed areas. Mulching conserves soil moisture, suppresses weed growth, regulates soil temperature, and reduces pod soil contact — improving pod cleanliness and reducing aflatoxin risk.
🛡️ જીવાત અને રોગ નિયંત્રણ
Proactive crop monitoring and integrated management ensure healthy crop development.
🐛 જીવાત નિયંત્રણ અને સંરક્ષણ
- Termites (Odontotermes spp.): Symptoms include wilting, drying of seedlings, and feeding damage on underground stems and pegs. Control: Install pheromone traps at 10 traps/acre. Soil drench with Chlorpyriphos 20 EC at 2 ml/liter water around the root zone at 20 DAS, or use Carbofuran 3G at 10 kg/acre broadcasted and incorporated into soil before sowing.
- Leafminer (Ophiomyia phaseoli): Symptoms include white serpentine mines on leaves, premature leaf drying, and reduced photosynthetic area. Control: Spray Quinalphos 25 EC at 1 ml/liter water or Imidacloprid 17.8 SL at 0.3 ml/liter water at first appearance (25–30 DAS). Repeat at 15-day intervals if infestation persists.
- Pod Borers / Helicoverpa armigera: Symptoms include borespots on pods, larval feeding on flowers and young pods, and premature pod drop. Control: Install sex pheromone traps at 10 traps/acre. Spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC at 0.4 ml/liter water or Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) formulation at 250 ml/acre in 500 L water at peak flowering stage.
🔬 રોગ નિયંત્રણ અને ઉપચાર
- Leaf Spot (Cercospora personata & Asperobolus personiformis): Symptoms include small circular brown spots with yellow halos on lower leaves, progressing to defoliation and reduced pod filling. Control: Spray Mancozeb 75 WP at 2.5 g/liter water or Carbendazim 50 WP at 1 g/liter water at 45 DAS and repeat at 30-day intervals. Ensure good canopy airflow through proper spacing.
- Tephrosia Wilt / Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium solani): Symptoms include yellowing of lower leaves, wilting, vascular browning of taproot, and plant death. Control: Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride at 4 g/kg seed. Avoid waterlogged fields. Rotate with non-legume crops. Uproot and destroy infected plants immediately. Apply Azadirachtin 1% Neem seed powder at 250 kg/acre as soil drench.
- Early Leaf Spot / Rust (Puccinia arachidis): Symptoms include small reddish-brown pustules on the underside of leaves, premature defoliation, and reduced kernel size. Control: Spray Epoxiconazole + Mancozeb combination at recommended dose or Propiconazole 25 EC at 0.5 ml/liter water at 50 DAS. Repeat spray at 20-day intervals during humid weather.
✂️ કાપણી અને ગુણવત્તા માર્ગદર્શિકા
Harvesting at peak maturity ensures maximum commercial grade and long keeping quality.
⏱️ કાપણીનો સમય અને આયોજન
Harvest begins at 105–110 days after sowing. Whole plants are uprooted using a cultivar or manual pulling, then dried on clean ground for 3–4 sunny days before threshing. Pods are separated using a mechanical thresher or traditional method.
⭐ ઉત્પાદનની ગુણવત્તા અને લક્ષણો
Rosy-colored seed coat with large, plump kernels. વધુ (High) oil content (48.2%) imparting rich taste and aroma. Excellent kernel percentage with uniform size distribution. Shelling-out ratio is favorable for both food-grade and oil extraction markets.
| ગુણવત્તા માપદંડ | કૃષિ ધોરણ | ખેડૂત અને બજાર ફાયદો |
|---|---|---|
| કાપણીનો તબક્કો | 105 – 110 Days After Sowing (DAS) | Ensures full kernel development, maximum oil accumulation, and optimal sensory quality for market acceptance. |
| પરિપક્વતાના લક્ષણો | Plant leaves turn yellow and begin drying; pods have hard, netted shells with dark embryonic coloration inside; seeds feel firm when pressed | Prevents over-maturity that leads to pod shattering, aflatoxin contamination, and loss of kernel integrity. |
| સંગ્રહ ક્ષમતા અને ગુણવત્તા | 6 – 8 weeks under ambient dry storage; up to 3 months under cool, low-humidity conditions with proper drying (moisture content <8%) | વધુ (High) oil content and sturdy seed coat provide natural protection against microbial attack, enabling longer commercial shelf life and wider market reach. |
| બજાર માંગ અને યોગ્યતા | Suitable for table-grade consumption, oil extraction, processing units, and export markets. Rosy seed color and high oil content attract premium buyers in mandis and processing industries. | Versatile end-use profile allows farmers to sell directly to traders, cooperative societies, or processing units — maximizing income potential across multiple market channels. |
⭐ જાતની વિશેષતાઓ — મગફળી AgriBee 999
Distinguishing characteristics that make this variety a top choice for Indian growers.
🌿 જાતની મુખ્ય વિશેષતાઓ
મગફળી AgriBee 999 is a compact, determinate-type variety bred for high oil content (48.2%) and uniform pod set under Indian agro-climatic conditions, making it a preferred choice for both food-grade and processing sectors.
🌿 ઉત્પાદનની ગુણવત્તા અને દેખાવ
Rosy-pink seed coat with large, uniform kernels. વધુ (High) shelling percentage and excellent oil content deliver superior taste, aroma, and nutritional value attractive to consumers and industrial buyers alike.
🌿 વાતાવરણ અને રોગ પ્રતિકારક ક્ષમતા
Demonstrates good field tolerance to early leaf spot, rust, and termite attack. Robust root system provides moderate drought resilience. Determinate growth habit reduces susceptibility to lodging under wind and rain.
🌿 વિકાસ અને છોડની જોમ
Compact plant stature (35–40 cm) with strong branching and upright growth habit. Dense foliage cover suppresses weed growth naturally while providing shade to developing pods in the soil.
🌿 પાક સમયગાળો અને પાકવાનો સમય
Reaches 50% flowering in 38–40 days and attains physiological maturity in 105–110 days. Early-maturing nature enables flexible crop rotation with rabi vegetables or other short-duration crops.
🌿 બજાર અને ખેડૂત પસંદગી
Farmers favor AgriBee 999 for its reliable germination, uniform maturity, high oil content, and strong market demand. Traders prefer the rosy seed color and large kernel size, while oil mills appreciate the elevated oil percentage — making it a profitable choice across the value chain.
