Description
ખેતી અને વાવણી માર્ગદર્શિકા — સફેદ મકાઈ Shaurya 1717
પાકના શ્રેષ્ઠ સંચાલન, રોગ પ્રતિકારક શક્તિ અને પ્રીમિયમ ગુણવત્તાવાળા ઉત્પાદન માટે સંપૂર્ણ વિગતવાર માર્ગદર્શિકા.
🌾 જમીનની તૈયારી અને ખેડ
જમીનની યોગ્ય તૈયારીથી એકસરખો ઉગાવો અને મૂળનો ઊંડો વિકાસ સુનિશ્ચિત થાય છે.
🌱 યોગ્ય જમીનનો પ્રકાર અને pH
Well‑drained loamy to clay‑loam soils with pH 5.5–7.5 and high organic carbon content.
✨ મુખ્ય કૃષિ ફાયદા
The open, friable seedbed promotes rapid imbibition, uniform germination, and strong root anchorage for vigorous plant stand.
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Deep summer ploughing (25–30 cm) followed by 2–3 cross‑harrowings to achieve a fine, clod‑free tilth.
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Field leveling and formation of drainage channels to avoid water stagnation during heavy rains.
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Incorporation of 8–10 t/acre of well‑decomposed FYM or compost at final ploughing to improve soil structure and moisture retention.
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Soil health conditioning with agricultural lime (if pH <5.5) or gypsum (if sodic), based on soil test recommendations.
🌱 વાવણીનો સમય અને પદ્ધતિ
Precise seed rate and spacing maximize light interception and canopy development.
| માપદંડ / પેરામીટર | ભલામણ / સૂચના | કૃષિ મહત્વ |
|---|---|---|
| વાવણી સમયમર્યાદા | May–July (Summer/Kharif) and October–December (Rabi) | Sowing in these windows avoids extreme temperature stress and aligns with favorable rainfall patterns for uniform germination. |
| બિયારણનો દર (એકર દીઠ) | 8–10 kg / Acre | Maintains optimal plant population (≈40,000–45,000 plants/ha) without overcrowding, ensuring balanced canopy development. |
| હાર અને છોડ વચ્ચેનું અંતર | 60 cm (row‑to‑row) × 20 cm (plant‑to‑plant) | Optimal spacing improves light interception, air circulation, and simplifies field operations and harvest. |
| વાવણીની ઊંડાઈ | 3–5 cm | Ensures adequate soil‑seed contact for consistent moisture uptake while allowing unhindered seedling emergence. |
💧 પિયત અને પાણી વ્યવસ્થાપન
Adequate moisture regulation supports strong vegetative and reproductive growth.
☀️ પાણીની જરૂરિયાત અને પિયત પ્રોફાઇલ
મકાઈ has moderate drought tolerance but is highly sensitive to moisture stress during tasseling to grain filling. Under drip irrigation, maintain soil moisture at 70–80% of field capacity; furrow or basin irrigation should be applied at 8–10 day intervals during peak vegetative and reproductive stages.
🌦️ Soil ભેજ વ્યવસ્થાપન
In rainfed conditions, synchronize sowing with monsoon onset, use conservation mulches to reduce evaporation, and plan emergency irrigation at silking if rain gaps exceed 10 days to safeguard pollination and grain set.
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First irrigation 7–10 days after sowing to ensure uniform germination, especially in summer soils.
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During active vegetative growth (tillering to knee‑high stage), irrigate every 10–12 days depending on soil type and weather.
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Critical irrigation at 50–60 days after sowing coincides with tasseling and silking; water stress at this stage drastically reduces grain filling and vigor.
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Withhold irrigation 7–10 days before harvest to facilitate uniform drying and prevent lodging.
🧪 ખાતર અને પોષણ વ્યવસ્થાપન
Balanced crop nutrition supports robust plant structure and premium produce quality.
| પોષક તત્વ | ભલામણ કરેલ માત્રા (એકર દીઠ) | ઉપયોગ પદ્ધતિ અને સમય |
|---|---|---|
| નાઇટ્રોજન (N) | 120 kg / acre | Apply 1/3 as basal at sowing, remaining 2/3 in two equal splits at 30 DAS and 45 DAS. |
| ફોસ્ફરસ (P₂O₅) | 60 kg / acre | 100% as basal through DAP (or SSP) at final land preparation. |
| પોટાશ (K₂O) | 40 kg / acre | Apply 50% with basal P and the remainder as top‑dress at first irrigation after 30 DAS. |
🌿 નિંદામણ નિયંત્રણ અને આંતરખેડ
Timely weed control ensures optimal nutrient and moisture availability for crop seedlings.
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1
પ્રથમ નિંદામણ અને ગોડ: Carry out at 15 DAS using a conical hoe or rotavator to eradicate early weed flush and loosen soil crust, improving root aeration.
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2
Second Weeding & Earthing‑Up: At 30 DAS, perform another weeding and ridge the soil around the base of plants to provide mechanical support and protect developing roots from wind lodging.
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3
વિશેષ આંતરખેડ કામગીરી: Apply a thin straw mulch (2–3 cm) between rows to conserve soil moisture, suppress weeds, and moderate soil temperature during high‑summer sowing.
🛡️ જીવાત અને રોગ નિયંત્રણ
Proactive crop monitoring and integrated management ensure healthy crop development.
🐛 જીવાત નિયંત્રણ અને સંરક્ષણ
- Shoot Fly (Atherigona exigua): Symptoms include dead hearts and central leaf pull‑out in seedlings. Control: Apply fipronil 75 WDG at 0.3 kg/acre as soil drench around the stem at 10–15 DAS, or release Trichogramma japonicum (1 lakh/acre) at weekly intervals.
- Stem Borer (Chilo partellus): Larvae bore into stems causing premature drying and easy breakage. Control: Spray chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC at 0.4 ml/liter water at first sign of active feeding; alternatively, use Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) formulation at 250 g/acre.
- Aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis): Colonies on leaf sheaths and tassels cause curling and sooty mold. Control: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL at 0.3 ml/liter water or release Aphidius colemani; apply periodic sprinkler irrigation to dislodge colonies.
🔬 રોગ નિયંત્રણ અને ઉપચાર
- Downy Mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis): Yellowing and stunting of leaves with dense fungal sporulation on the underside. Control: Treat seeds with metalaxyl 35% WS at 4 g/kg seed; spray propineb 70 WP at 2.5 g/liter water at onset of disease.
- Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis): Oval brown lesions with yellow halos on leaves. Control: Apply mancozeb 75 WP at 2 g/liter water as preventive spray at 40 DAS and repeat after 15 days under humid conditions.
- Smut (Ustilago maydis): Galls replacing kernels and leaves; spread via soil‑borne spores. Control: Use સંશોધન અને હાઇબ્રિડ disease‑free seeds; treat with thiram 2.5 g/kg seed; remove and destroy any visible galls before they rupture.
✂️ કાપણી અને ગુણવત્તા માર્ગદર્શિકા
Harvesting at peak maturity ensures maximum commercial grade and long keeping quality.
⏱️ કાપણીનો સમય અને આયોજન
harvest is completed at 90–100 days after sowing when grains reach physiological maturity (milky‑white, firm texture). Allow the crop to dry naturally in the field for an additional 5–7 days to improve grain hardness and shelf life.
⭐ ઉત્પાદનની ગુણવત્તા અને લક્ષણો
The variety produces milky‑white, compact ears with a sweet, delicate flavor. Grain texture is firm yet tender, retaining high sugar content at harvest and appealing to fresh‑market consumers and processing units.
| ગુણવત્તા માપદંડ | કૃષિ ધોરણ | ખેડૂત અને બજાર ફાયદો |
|---|---|---|
| કાપણીનો તબક્કો | 90–100 વાવણી પછીના દિવસો (full physiological maturity) | Ensures maximum grain fill, optimal kernel weight, and best sensory attributes for fresh consumption. |
| પરિપક્વતાના લક્ષણો | Ear shank dries, husk turns pale and papery, grain loses moisture and attains hard dent stage | Visual cues prevent premature picking and guarantee uniform quality across the lot. |
| સંગ્રહ ક્ષમતા અને ગુણવત્તા | 7–10 days under ambient conditions (25–30°C); extends to 15–20 days if kept in cool, ventilated storage | Robust grain coat and low moisture content at harvest support longer marketing windows and reduced post‑harvest losses. |
| બજાર માંગ અને યોગ્યતા | Fresh market, wholesale mandis, institutional buyers, and processing for popcorn, flour, or canned products | Uniform milky‑white color and consistent ear size attract premium prices and broaden buyer acceptance. |
⭐ જાતની વિશેષતાઓ — સફેદ મકાઈ Shaurya 1717
Distinguishing characteristics that make this variety a top choice for Indian growers.
🌿 જાતની મુખ્ય વિશેષતાઓ
સફેદ મકાઈ Shaurya 1717 exhibits exceptional field vigor, uniform stand establishment, and high genetic purity, delivering reliable performance across diverse Indian agro‑climatic zones.
🌿 ઉત્પાદનની ગુણવત્તા અને દેખાવ
Ears are compact with milky‑white kernels that are sweet, tender, and visually appealing; grain color remains consistent even after harvest, meeting stringent fresh‑market standards.
🌿 વાતાવરણ અને રોગ પ્રતિકારક ક્ષમતા
Shows moderate tolerance to downy mildew, leaf blight, and shoot fly pressure; maintains foliage health under moisture‑stress conditions, reducing the need for intensive chemical intervention.
🌿 વિકાસ અને છોડની જોમ
Upright plant architecture with broad green leaves ensures efficient light capture and robust photosynthetic activity, supporting steady dry‑matter accumulation throughout the growing cycle.
🌿 પાક સમયગાળો અને પાકવાનો સમય
A mid‑early hybrid reaching maturity in 90–100 days, enabling farmers to fit it into tight rotation schedules (e.g., wheat–maize, rice–maize) and capitalize on off‑season price advantages.
🌿 બજાર અને ખેડૂત પસંદગી
Trusted by progressive growers for its uniform ear size, striking white kernel color, and strong field performance, making it a preferred choice for contract farming, export‑oriented supply chains, and direct retail markets.
