Description
खेती एवं बुवाई निर्देशिका — Arhar Seeds Surbhi
फसल के सर्वोत्तम प्रबंधन, रोग प्रतिरोधकता और प्रीमियम उत्पादन के लिए संपूर्ण चरणबद्ध कृषि निर्देशिका।
🌾 भूमि की तैयारी एवं खेत सुधार
खेत की समुचित जुताई एवं तैयारी से एकसमान अंकुरण और मजबूत जड़ों का विकास होता है।
🌱 आदर्श मिट्टी का प्रकार एवं pH
Well-drained loamy to black cotton soils (Vertisols) with a pH range of 6.0 to 8.0. Pigeon pea thrives in soils with moderate fertility and good permeability.
✨ प्रमुख कृषि लाभ
Deep taproot system establishes rapidly in well-structured soil, providing excellent anchorage for tall plants and enabling access to subsoil moisture and nutrients.
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Deep summer ploughing followed by 2–3 cross-harrowings to break hardpan and prepare fine tilth.
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Field leveling and drainage preparation to prevent waterlogging during monsoon rains.
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Incorporation of well-decomposed FYM or compost (10–15 tonnes per acre) at last ploughing for soil organic matter enrichment.
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Soil health conditioning: liming recommended for acidic soils below pH 5.5; gypsum application advised for sodic soils above pH 8.5.
🌱 बुवाई का समय एवं विधि
सटीक बीज दर और सही दूरी से पौधों को पर्याप्त सूर्य का प्रकाश और संतुलित विकास मिलता है।
| मानक / पैरामीटर | अनुशंसा / निर्देश | कृषि महत्व |
|---|---|---|
| बुवाई समय सीमा | May to August (early Kharif to late Kharif windows) | Aligns germination and early growth with pre-monsoon soil moisture and subsequent rainfall distribution |
| बीज दर (प्रति एकड़) | 1.5 to 2.0 kg per acre | Optimized seed rate ensures adequate plant population while preventing overcrowding and disease pressure |
| कतार एवं पौधे का अंतर | 90 cm (row-to-row) x 30 cm (plant-to-plant) | Provides optimal canopy spread, air circulation, and sunlight penetration for healthy pod development |
| बुवाई की गहराई | 3 to 5 cm below soil surface | Ensures proper seed-soil contact for uniform germination while allowing radicle emergence without strain |
💧 सिंचाई एवं जल प्रबंधन
उचित नमी प्रबंधन से पौधे की वानस्पतिक एवं फलने-फूलने की अवस्था में जोरदार विकास होता है।
☀️ जल आवश्यकता एवं सिंचाई प्रोफाइल
Arhar Surbhi exhibits moderate drought tolerance due to its deep root system. Under irrigated conditions, irrigation at critical stages significantly enhances flower retention and pod setting. The crop requires approximately 450–550 mm of water during the growing period. Drip irrigation is compatible and water-efficient when integrated with fertigation.
🌦️ Soil नमी प्रबंधन
In rainfed conditions, ensure good soil moisture conservation through mulching or intercropping. Avoid moisture stress during flowering and pod development stages, as these are most sensitive to water deficit. Early sowing in residual soil moisture can help establish roots before peak monsoon.
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First irrigation at 10–15 DAS if soil moisture is inadequate; establishes strong initial root growth.
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During vegetative phase, light irrigation at 15–20 day intervals during dry spells promotes bushy growth.
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Critical stage irrigation at flowering and pod filling (50–80 DAS) is essential for maximizing grain quality and weight.
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Withhold irrigation 10–15 days before harvest to facilitate uniform pod drying and reduce pod shattering losses.
🧪 उर्वरक एवं पोषण प्रबंधन
संतुलित पोषण से मजबूत पौधा संरचना और उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली उपज प्राप्त होती है।
| पोषक तत्व | अनुशंसित मात्रा (प्रति एकड़) | प्रयोग विधि एवं समय |
|---|---|---|
| नाइट्रोजन (N) | 20–25 kg/acre | Basal 10 kg + top-dressing 10–15 kg at 30 DAS |
| Phosphorus (P2O5) | 40–50 kg/acre | 100% basal application with DAP or SSP at sowing |
| Potash (K2O) | 20–25 kg/acre | 100% basal with MOP or SOP for improved pod filling and stalk strength |
🌿 निराई-गुड़ाई एवं खरपतवार नियंत्रण
समय पर खरपतवार नियंत्रण से मुख्य फसल को पूर्ण पोषण और नमी मिलती है।
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1
पहली निराई-गुड़ाई: Carried out at 20–25 DAS to eliminate early weed competition. Shallow hoeing avoids root damage while ensuring a weed-free critical period for seedling establishment.
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दूसरी निराई एवं मिट्टी चढ़ाना: Performed at 40–45 DAS to control later-emerging weeds and provide root zone aeration. Earthing-up around the base supports tall plants and prevents lodging during heavy rains.
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Mulching and Staking: Organic mulching with crop residues at 30 DAS conserves soil moisture and suppresses weeds. For taller stands, staking or tying with natural fibers may be needed in high-nitrogen zones to prevent lodging.
🛡️ कीट एवं रोग नियंत्रण
फसल की सक्रिय निगरानी और एकीकृत प्रबंधन से रोगमुक्त एवं स्वस्थ फसल सुनिश्चित होती है।
🐛 कीट प्रबंधन एवं रोकथाम
- Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera): Larvae bore into pods and feed on developing grains. Monitor using pheromone traps at 10/acre. Spray Cartap hydrochloride 4G at 20 kg/acre or Spinetoram 12% SC at 100 ml/acre at first sign of infestation. Repeat at 10-day intervals if needed.
- Pigeon Pea Husk Bug (Riptortus linearis): Sucks sap from pods causing shriveling and whitish patches. Spray Neem-based formulation (NSKE 5%) at 5% solution or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL at 60 ml/acre. Deploy yellow sticky traps at 5/acre for monitoring.
- Pod Beetle (Bruchus cobanensis): Adults lay eggs on pods; larvae develop inside grains. Apply Carbaryl 50 WP at 1 kg/acre or Chlorpyriphos 20 EC at 1.5 L/acre at pod initiation stage. Destroy infested pods manually to break life cycle.
🔬 रोग नियंत्रण एवं उपचार
- Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum): Plants show sudden wilting with green leaves; brown discoloration in vascular tissue on stem cross-section. Use pathogen-free seeds; drench soil with Streptocycline 0.1 g/L or Copper oxychloride 0.3% at planting. Remove and destroy infected plants immediately.
- Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium udum): Yellowing and wilting of lower leaves starting from one side; brown streaks on stem. Apply Trichoderma viride at 10 kg/acre mixed with FYM as basal; seed treatment with Carbendazim 50 WP at 2 g/kg seed. Avoid continuous pigeon pea cropping.
- Anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum): Dark circular spots on pods and leaves; black acervuli visible under humid conditions. Spray Mancozeb 75 WP at 2 kg/acre or Propiconazole 25% EC at 500 ml/acre at first appearance. Ensure proper spacing for canopy ventilation.
✂️ कटाई एवं उपज गुणवत्ता निर्देशिका
सही परिपक्वता पर कटाई से अधिकतम मंडी भाव और बेहतर भंडारण क्षमता मिलती है।
⏱️ कटाई समय एवं निर्धारण
harvest commences at 130–140 days after sowing when 70–80% of pods turn brown and begin drying on the plant. Pods mature asynchronously, so 2–3 selective picking rounds may be needed at 7–10 day intervals.
⭐ उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं विशेषताएं
Grains are light gray in color with 5–7 grains per pod, exhibiting uniform size, good test weight, and pleasant flavor. The green foliage during growth indicates healthy photosynthetic activity contributing to premium grain filling.
| गुणवत्ता मानक | कृषि मानक | किसान एवं मंडी लाभ |
|---|---|---|
| कटाई की अवस्था | 130 – 140 बुवाई के दिन बाद | Ensures full grain maturation and optimal light-gray color development for market acceptance |
| परिपक्वता के लक्षण | Pods turn brown and dry; grains rattle inside pods; plant foliage begins yellowing | Prevents over-maturity that leads to excessive pod shattering and grain loss in field |
| भंडारण क्षमता एवं टिकाऊपन | 3–4 months under dry, cool storage with moisture content below 12% | Light gray grains maintain visual appeal and cooking quality during storage and transit |
| मंडी मांग एवं उपयुक्तता | Suitable for direct grain market, dal processing, and institutional buyers | Uniform grain color and size attract premium rates from traders and processing units |
⭐ किस्म की विशेषताएं — Arhar Seeds Surbhi
विशिष्ट विशेषताएं जो इस किस्म को भारतीय किसानों की पहली पसंद बनाती हैं।
🌿 किस्म की मुख्य विशेषताएं
Arhar Seeds Surbhi delivers robust field performance with consistent pod set and strong grain filling under Indian Kharif conditions, backed by reliable germination and stand establishment.
🌿 उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं रूप-रंग
Light gray grains with 5–7 well-filled kernels per pod offer excellent visual appeal, uniform size, and superior cooking quality preferred by consumers and processors alike.
🌿 तनाव एवं रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता
Demonstrates good field tolerance to common pigeon pea diseases including bacterial and Fusarium wilts, along with moderate resilience to drought conditions typical of rainfed ecosystems.
🌿 वृद्धि स्वभाव एवं ओज (विगर)
Vigorous upward growth habit reaching 5–6 feet with dense green foliage, strong main stem, and well-branched architecture that supports heavy pod load without lodging.
🌿 फसल अवधि एवं पकने का समय
Medium duration variety maturing in 130–140 days, enabling flexible integration into crop rotation systems and timely land preparation for subsequent crops.
🌿 मंडी एवं किसान प्राथमिकता
Trusted by farmers across central and western India for its dependable performance, attractive light-gray grain color, and consistent pod productivity, making it a preferred choice among traders and dal mill buyers.
