Description
खेती एवं बुवाई निर्देशिका — ਐੱਫ1 ਹਾਈਬ੍ਰਿਡ Tomato
फसल के सर्वोत्तम प्रबंधन, रोग प्रतिरोधकता और प्रीमियम उत्पादन के लिए संपूर्ण चरणबद्ध कृषि निर्देशिका।
🌾 भूमि की तैयारी एवं खेत सुधार
खेत की समुचित जुताई एवं तैयारी से एकसमान अंकुरण और मजबूत जड़ों का विकास होता है।
🌱 आदर्श मिट्टी का प्रकार एवं pH
Well-drained loamy or sandy-loam soils with good organic matter. Soil pH range: 6.0 to 6.8. Avoid heavy clay or waterlogged fields due to susceptibility to root rot.
✨ प्रमुख कृषि लाभ
Deep, fertile, loose soil ensures rapid root penetration, strong anchorage, and efficient nutrient uptake for vigorous foliage and uniform fruit set.
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Deep summer ploughing followed by 2–3 cross-harrowings to achieve fine tilth and break pest cycles.
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Field leveling with a leveler to ensure uniform water distribution and prevent waterlogging.
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Incorporation of 8–10 t/ha of well-decomposed FYM or compost into the seedbed before transplanting.
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Application of gypsum (100 kg/acre) in acidic soils to correct pH and improve soil structure.
🌱 बुवाई का समय एवं विधि
सटीक बीज दर और सही दूरी से पौधों को पर्याप्त सूर्य का प्रकाश और संतुलित विकास मिलता है।
| मानक / पैरामीटर | अनुशंसा / निर्देश | कृषि महत्व |
|---|---|---|
| बुवाई समय सीमा | June–July (Kharif), Oct–Nov (Rabi), Feb–Mar (Summer) | Aligns crop cycle with favorable temperatures, minimizing heat or cold stress during flowering and fruit set. |
| बीज दर (प्रति एकड़) | 250–300 g per Acre (Transplanted) | Ensures adequate seedling population for optimal plant spacing and uniform canopy development. |
| कतार एवं पौधे का अंतर | 60 cm (Row-to-row) × 45 cm (Plant-to-plant) | Provides adequate inter-row aeration, reduces humidity-related diseases, and facilitates field operations. |
| Sowing / Transplanting Depth | Seed sown at 0.5–1.0 cm depth; transplants planted at same depth as nursery. | Promotes uniform germination and prevents stem damping-off while establishing a robust root system. |
💧 सिंचाई एवं जल प्रबंधन
उचित नमी प्रबंधन से पौधे की वानस्पतिक एवं फलने-फूलने की अवस्था में जोरदार विकास होता है।
☀️ जल आवश्यकता एवं सिंचाई प्रोफाइल
Tomato is moderately sensitive to water stress, especially during flowering and fruit development. Drip irrigation is highly recommended for uniform moisture, nutrient fertigation, and improved fruit quality. Maintain soil moisture at 70–80% field capacity throughout the crop cycle.
🌦️ Soil नमी प्रबंधन
Under rainfed conditions, apply mulch (straw or plastic) immediately after transplanting to conserve soil moisture and reduce evaporation. Avoid waterlogging after heavy rains by ensuring proper field drainage channels.
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First irrigation immediately after transplanting to reduce transplant shock.
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Light irrigations every 5–7 days during vegetative phase to support leaf expansion.
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Critical irrigation at flowering and fruit-setting stages; deficit here causes blossom-end drop and misshapen fruits.
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Reduce irrigation frequency 7–10 days before final harvest to concentrate sugars and improve firmness.
🧪 उर्वरक एवं पोषण प्रबंधन
संतुलित पोषण से मजबूत पौधा संरचना और उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली उपज प्राप्त होती है।
| पोषक तत्व | अनुशंसित मात्रा (प्रति एकड़) | प्रयोग विधि एवं समय |
|---|---|---|
| नाइट्रोजन (N) | 80–100 kg/acre | 50% basal at transplanting; remaining 50% split two times at 30 and 45 DAT. |
| Phosphorus (P2O5) | 50–60 kg/acre | 100% basal application during final land preparation mixed with FYM. |
| Potash (K2O) | 40–50 kg/acre | Split application: 50% basal and 50% at first flowering for fruit quality and stress tolerance. |
🌿 निराई-गुड़ाई एवं खरपतवार नियंत्रण
समय पर खरपतवार नियंत्रण से मुख्य फसल को पूर्ण पोषण और नमी मिलती है।
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पहली निराई-गुड़ाई: Carry out at 15 DAS to remove early weeds and loosen soil surface for better root aeration.
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दूसरी निराई एवं मिट्टी चढ़ाना: Perform at 30 DAS; earthen up around the stem base to support plant and encourage adventitious roots.
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विशेष अंतर-कृषि क्रियाएं: Apply organic mulch (paddy straw) 5–7 cm thickness between rows to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. Regularly remove suckers below the first flower cluster to direct energy toward fruit development.
🛡️ कीट एवं रोग नियंत्रण
फसल की सक्रिय निगरानी और एकीकृत प्रबंधन से रोगमुक्त एवं स्वस्थ फसल सुनिश्चित होती है।
🐛 कीट प्रबंधन एवं रोकथाम
- Helicoverpa armigera (Fruit Borer): Symptoms—boring holes in fruits with frass excretions. Control: Spray Carbendazim 50 WP @ 0.1% or use pheromone traps (10/acre) for monitoring. Apply Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) @ 250 g/acre at early larval stage.
- Bemisia tabaci (ਚਿੱਟਾfly): Symptoms—yellowing, curling leaves, sooty mold, virus transmission. Control: Yellow sticky traps (40/acre) + spray Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.3 ml/liter or Neem-based formulations @ 3 ml/liter.
- Aphis gossypii (Cotton Aphid): Symptoms—curling leaves, honeydew secretion, stunted growth. Control: Spray Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.1 g/liter or release predatory ladybird beetles.
🔬 रोग नियंत्रण एवं उपचार
- Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (ToLCV): Symptoms—upward leaf curling, yellowing, reduced fruit size. Control: The variety shows tolerance. Use virus-free seed, install insect-proof nets (40 mesh) in nursery, and control whitefly vectors promptly with neonictinoid sprays.
- Early Blight (Alternaria solani): Symptoms—concentric ring spots on lower leaves, defoliation. Control: Spray Mancozeb 75 WP @ 0.25% or Copper oxychloride @ 0.3% at 15-day intervals starting at flowering.
- Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum): Symptoms—sudden wilting of one side of plant, vascular browning. Control: Soil drench with Streptocycline 50 ppm or Trichoderma viride @ 10 kg/acre mixed with FYM at planting. Remove and burn infected plants.
✂️ कटाई एवं उपज गुणवत्ता निर्देशिका
सही परिपक्वता पर कटाई से अधिकतम मंडी भाव और बेहतर भंडारण क्षमता मिलती है।
⏱️ कटाई समय एवं निर्धारण
First harvest begins at 65–70 DAT. Subsequent pickings are done at 3–4 day intervals throughout the season.
⭐ उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं विशेषताएं
Fruits exhibit deep red color, flat-round to oval shape, smooth skin, firm texture, balanced sugar-acid ratio, and appealing appearance. Seeds are few with minimal locular cavities.
| गुणवत्ता मानक | कृषि मानक | किसान एवं मंडी लाभ |
|---|---|---|
| पहली कटाई / तुड़ाई Stage | 65–70 रोपाई के दिन बाद | Enables early market entry and better price realization compared to late varieties. |
| परिपक्वता के लक्षण | Full red color development, firm but yielding to gentle pressure, average size reached. | Prevents over-ripening on vine, maintains fruit firmness, and extends handling life. |
| भंडारण क्षमता एवं टिकाऊपन | 7–10 days under ambient conditions; up to 14 days in cool storage (10–12°C). | Superior keeping quality supports long-distance transport and reduces post-harvest losses. |
| मंडी मांग एवं उपयुक्तता | Fresh table market, local mandis, urban retail chains, and kitchen garden consumers. | Uniform fruit size and vibrant color attract premium rates from traders and end consumers. |
⭐ किस्म की विशेषताएं — ਐੱਫ1 ਹਾਈਬ੍ਰਿਡ Tomato
विशिष्ट विशेषताएं जो इस किस्म को भारतीय किसानों की पहली पसंद बनाती हैं।
🌿 किस्म की मुख्य विशेषताएं
F1 hybrid engineered for high field vigor, uniform plant architecture, and strong tolerance to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (ToLCV).
🌿 उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं रूप-रंग
Produces deep red, flat-round to oval fruits weighing 80–100 gm with thick pericarp, firm flesh, and appealing glossy finish.
🌿 तनाव एवं रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता
Demonstrates reliable tolerance to ToLCV and moderate resistance to bacterial wilt and early blight under managed conditions.
🌿 वृद्धि स्वभाव एवं ओज (विगर)
Determinate bushy type with sturdy stems, vigorous foliage coverage, and good branching capacity for sustained fruit load.
🌿 फसल अवधि एवं पकने का समय
Early maturity profile with first picking at 65–70 DAT, allowing flexible crop rotation and multiple harvesting cycles.
🌿 मंडी एवं किसान प्राथमिकता
Preferred by kitchen garden growers and commercial farmers for its consistent fruit set, attractive appearance, disease resilience, and excellent keeping quality.
