Description
खेती एवं बुवाई निर्देशिका — Hy Castor Seeds AgriBee 222
फसल के सर्वोत्तम प्रबंधन, रोग प्रतिरोधकता और प्रीमियम उत्पादन के लिए संपूर्ण चरणबद्ध कृषि निर्देशिका।
🌾 भूमि की तैयारी एवं खेत सुधार
खेत की समुचित जुताई एवं तैयारी से एकसमान अंकुरण और मजबूत जड़ों का विकास होता है।
🌱 आदर्श मिट्टी का प्रकार एवं pH
Well-drained sandy loam to medium black cotton soils with pH 6.5–8.0. Castor thrives in deep soils with good internal drainage; waterlogged conditions must be strictly avoided as they cause root rot and seedling damping-off.
✨ प्रमुख कृषि लाभ
Loose, well-aerated seedbed promotes rapid radicle emergence and strong taproot development, ensuring uniform stand establishment and vigorous early growth of AgriBee 222.
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Deep summer ploughing to 25–30 cm followed by 2–3 cross-harrowings to achieve fine tilth and destroy perennial weeds.
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Field leveling using laser land leveling or conventional methods, with provision of adequate drainage channels to prevent water stagnation.
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Application of 5–8 tonnes/acre well-decomposed FYM or vermicompost incorporated during last harrowing to improve soil structure and water retention.
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Soil health conditioning: For acidic soils (pH <6.0), apply 250–300 kg/acre agricultural lime 15 days before sowing; for alkaline soils, incorporate gypsum at 250 kg/acre.
🌱 बुवाई का समय एवं विधि
सटीक बीज दर और सही दूरी से पौधों को पर्याप्त सूर्य का प्रकाश और संतुलित विकास मिलता है।
| मानक / पैरामीटर | अनुशंसा / निर्देश | कृषि महत्व |
|---|---|---|
| बुवाई समय सीमा | June – July for Kharif; October – November for Rabi (rain-fed and irrigated conditions) | Kharif sowing aligns with monsoon onset ensuring adequate moisture; Rabi sowing requires assured irrigation and targets early-maturing harvest before summer heat stress. |
| बीज दर (प्रति एकड़) | 10–12 kg per acre (≈25–30 g per m²) | Ensures optimal plant population of ~40,000–50,000 plants/acre while accounting for natural seedling mortality and thinning requirements. |
| कतार एवं पौधे का अंतर | 60 cm (row-to-row) × 45 cm (plant-to-plant) | Provides adequate canopy spread for maximum photosynthetic efficiency, improves air circulation to reduce fungal incidence, and facilitates interculture operations. |
| बुवाई की गहराई | 3–5 cm in light soils; 4–6 cm in heavy/black cotton soils | Correct depth ensures proper soil-moisture contact for uniform germination while preventing seed rot in water-retentive soils. |
💧 सिंचाई एवं जल प्रबंधन
उचित नमी प्रबंधन से पौधे की वानस्पतिक एवं फलने-फूलने की अवस्था में जोरदार विकास होता है।
☀️ जल आवश्यकता एवं सिंचाई प्रोफाइल
Castor is inherently drought-tolerant with a deep taproot system reaching 2–3 m. It requires approximately 400–500 mm total water during the crop cycle. Under irrigated conditions, 4–5 light irrigations at critical stages are sufficient. Drip irrigation is highly compatible and can reduce water usage by 30–40% while improving capsule set and uniformity.
🌦️ नमी प्रबंधन
In rainfed Kharif conditions, ensure timely sowing to capture residual soil moisture. Light protective irrigation (20–25 mm) at 30, 60, and 90 DAS significantly enhances capsule development. Mulching with straw @ 2–3 tonnes/acre conserves soil moisture and suppresses weeds effectively.
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First irrigation at 7–10 DAS (critical for germination and uniform seedling emergence); apply light sprinkle to moisten top 15 cm soil.
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Vegetative phase (20–60 DAS): Irrigate at 12–15 day intervals depending on soil type and weather; avoid waterlogging which causes root suffocation and wilt.
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Critical stage — flowering and capsule initiation (60–90 DAS): Maintain consistent soil moisture; water stress during this phase causes flower drop, blank capsules, and reduced capsule set.
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Grain/filling stage (90–110 DAS): Reduce irrigation frequency; excessive moisture delays maturation and increases susceptibility to capsule rot.
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Pre-harvest: Withhold irrigation 10–15 days before first picking to promote uniform capsule drying, brown color development, and improved seed quality.
🧪 उर्वरक एवं पोषण प्रबंधन
संतुलित पोषण से मजबूत पौधा संरचना और उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली उपज प्राप्त होती है।
| पोषक तत्व | अनुशंसित मात्रा (प्रति एकड़) | प्रयोग विधि एवं समय |
|---|---|---|
| नाइट्रोजन (N) | 60–80 kg/acre | 50% basal at sowing + 25% at 30 DAS + 25% at 60 DAS (split application for sustained vegetative growth and capsule development) |
| फॉस्फोरस (P₂O₅) | 40–50 kg/acre | 100% basal applied as DAP or SSP along with seed/furrow placement for optimal root development and energy transfer |
| पोटाश (K₂O) | 30–40 kg/acre | 100% basal at sowing; supports stalk strength, disease resistance, and oil biosynthesis in developing capsules |
🌿 निराई-गुड़ाई एवं खरपतवार नियंत्रण
समय पर खरपतवार नियंत्रण से मुख्य फसल को पूर्ण पोषण और नमी मिलती है।
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1
पहली निराई-गुड़ाई: Carry out at 15–20 DAS using a hand hoe or weeder. Early weeding is critical as castor seedlings grow slowly initially and are competitively vulnerable to weeds. Shallow cultivation (5–7 cm depth) prevents root damage.
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2
दूसरी निराई एवं मिट्टी चढ़ाना: Perform at 35–40 DAS. Incorporate remaining weeds and build up soil around the plant base to improve anchorage, especially important for hybrid varieties that develop heavy capsule loads.
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3
Inter-row Hoeing & Mulching: At 50–55 DAS, perform deep inter-row hoeing (10–12 cm) to break crust and improve aeration. Apply organic mulch (straw/paddy husk) @ 2–3 tonnes/acre to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and maintain favorable microclimate around the root zone.
🛡️ कीट एवं रोग नियंत्रण
फसल की सक्रिय निगरानी और एकीकृत प्रबंधन से रोगमुक्त एवं स्वस्थ फसल सुनिश्चित होती है।
🐛 कीट प्रबंधन एवं रोकथाम
- Castor Semilooper (Nomophila noctuella): Larvae skeletonize leaves leaving only veins. Control: Spray NSG (Neem Seed Germ) @ 5 ml/liter or Bacillus thuringiensis @ 250 g/acre in 500 L water at first sign of infestation. Repeat at 10-day intervals if needed.
- Phyllachora Fruit Borer / Catrina Beetle (Catrina castoricola): Adults chew capsule epidermis causing direct seed damage and secondary rot entry. Control: Apply Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 60 ml/acre or Emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 300 g/acre in 500 L water at capsule formation stage. Use pheromone traps @ 4/acre for monitoring.
- Jassids / Leafhoppers (Amritodus atropunctatus): Cause hopperburn with yellowing and curling of leaf margins; also vector phytoplasma diseases. Control: Spray Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 150 ml/acre or Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 100 g/acre. Encourage natural predators like Chrysopa and ladybird beetles through conservation.
🔬 रोग नियंत्रण एवं उपचार
- Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium axysporum f. sp. ricini): Wilting of lower leaves, vascular browning, and plant death. Preventive: Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10 g/kg seed + soil drench with T. viride @ 10 kg/acre at 30 DAS. Remove and burn infected plants immediately. Rotate with non-host crops.
- Bacterial Bright Spot / Angular Leaf Spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. ricini): Water-soaked angular lesions turning necrotic with yellow halos. Control: Spray Streptocycline 85% WS @ 0.5 g/ Liter or Copper oxychloride @ 3 g/Liter at 45 DAS and again at 75 DAS. Avoid overhead irrigation to prevent splash spread.
- Powdery Mildew (Oidium ricini): ਚਿੱਟਾ powdery mycelial growth on upper leaf surface reducing photosynthetic area. Control: Spray Sulphur dust @ 15–20 kg/acre or Microthil (wettable sulphur) @ 2.5 g/Liter at first appearance. Improve canopy ventilation through proper spacing.
✂️ कटाई एवं उपज गुणवत्ता निर्देशिका
सही परिपक्वता पर कटाई से अधिकतम मंडी भाव और बेहतर भंडारण क्षमता मिलती है।
⏱️ कटाई समय एवं निर्धारण
Begin first picking when 60–70% of capsules turn brown and show mottled patterns. Subsequent pickings every 10–12 days at 3–4 pickings total. Harvest by cutting main stem at base for final collection.
⭐ उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं विशेषताएं
Seeds exhibit rich brown color with characteristic mottled pattern, high oil content (48–52%), and excellent germ plasm quality. Dark green foliage throughout growth phase indicates strong photosynthetic activity and nutrient sufficiency.
| गुणवत्ता मानक | कृषि मानक | किसान एवं मंडी लाभ |
|---|---|---|
| कटाई की अवस्था | 120–130 बुवाई के दिन बाद (DAS) | Ensures optimal seed maturation with maximum oil accumulation and proper capusle desiccation. |
| परिपक्वता के लक्षण | Capsules turn from green to brown/yellowish-brown, seed coat shows distinct mottled pattern, seeds rattle when shaken inside capsule. | Accurate maturity detection prevents harvesting immature capsules with low oil content and poor keeping quality. |
| भंडारण क्षमता एवं टिकाऊपन | Properly dried seeds (moisture <8%) maintain viability and oil quality for 12–15 months under ambient storage in gunny bags. | Long shelf life enables flexible marketing timing, reduces post-harvest losses, and supports export-quality standards. |
| मंडी मांग एवं उपयुक्तता | Premium quality seeds suitable for oil extraction (cold-press & expeller), pharmaceutical grade castor oil, and contract farming agreements. | ਉੱਚਾ oil content and uniform seed size command premium prices in both domestic mandis and international markets. |
⭐ किस्म की विशेषताएं — Hy Castor Seeds AgriBee 222
विशिष्ट विशेषताएं जो इस किस्म को भारतीय किसानों की पहली पसंद बनाती हैं।
🌿 Compact Plant Architecture
AgriBee 222 features a compact 4–5 feet stature enabling higher planting density, improved field uniformity, and ease of manual harvesting compared to tall spreading types.
🌿 Premium Seed Appearance
Seeds display attractive brown coloration with characteristic mottled pattern — a key trade parameter that commands preference in both domestic processing and export markets.
🌿 ਉੱਚਾ Oil Content & Disease Resilience
With 48–52% oil content, this hybrid delivers superior oil growth potential per seed unit. It exhibits good field tolerance to Fusarium wilt and moderate resistance to powdery mildew under typical Indian growing conditions.
🌿 Robust Growth Vigor
Dark green foliage maintained throughout the crop cycle reflects strong photosynthetic capacity and efficient nutrient uptake, supporting healthy capsule development from early to late stages.
🌿 Optimized Crop Duration
Maturity in 120–130 days allows flexible crop rotation sequencing — Kharif castor can be followed by short-duration Rabi pulses or oilseeds without delaying the subsequent crop.
🌿 Farmer & Market Preference
The combination of compact height, abundant capsule production (35–45/plant), premium seed appearance, and reliable field performance makes AgriBee 222 a preferred choice among progressive farmers across Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and South India.
