Description
खेती एवं बुवाई निर्देशिका — Sesame Guj 2
फसल के सर्वोत्तम प्रबंधन, रोग प्रतिरोधकता और प्रीमियम उत्पादन के लिए संपूर्ण चरणबद्ध कृषि निर्देशिका।
🌾 भूमि की तैयारी एवं खेत सुधार
खेत की समुचित जुताई एवं तैयारी से एकसमान अंकुरण और मजबूत जड़ों का विकास होता है।
🌱 आदर्श मिट्टी का प्रकार एवं pH
Well-drained sandy loam to medium black cotton soil; pH 6.0–8.0. Sesame is highly sensitive to waterlogging, so free-draining soil is essential.
✨ प्रमुख कृषि लाभ
Fine tilth and loose soil structure ensure rapid emergence of tiny sesame seeds and strong taproot penetration for drought resilience.
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Deep summer ploughing followed by 2–3 cross-harrowings to achieve a fine, clod-free tilth.
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Field leveling with ridges and furrows or flat sowing depending on irrigation availability; ensure proper drainage channels.
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Incorporate 5–8 tonnes/ha of well-decomposed FYM or compost during the last harrowing for soil structure and organic carbon.
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If soil pH is above 8.0, apply gypsum at 250 kg/ha; for acidic patches below 6.0, use agricultural lime at 200 kg/ha.
🌱 बुवाई का समय एवं विधि
सटीक बीज दर और सही दूरी से पौधों को पर्याप्त सूर्य का प्रकाश और संतुलित विकास मिलता है।
| मानक / पैरामीटर | अनुशंसा / निर्देश | कृषि महत्व |
|---|---|---|
| बुवाई समय सीमा | Early June to mid-July (Kharif); early October to mid-November (Rabi in southern zones) | Aligns with monsoon onset for adequate soil moisture; avoids late-season dry stress during capsule maturation |
| बीज दर (प्रति एकड़) | 3–4 kg / Ha (1.2–1.6 kg / Acre) for line sowing; 4–5 kg / Ha for broadcast | Ensures optimum plant population of ~2.5–3.0 lakhs/ha without overcrowding |
| कतार एवं पौधे का अंतर | 45 cm row-to-row × 10–15 cm plant-to-plant | Promotes good canopy aeration, reduces humidity-related diseases, and supports uniform capsule development along the stem |
| बुवाई की गहराई | 1–2 cm only | Sesame seeds are minute (100-seed weight 3.7 g); deep sowing severely limits germination and seedling emergence |
💧 सिंचाई एवं जल प्रबंधन
उचित नमी प्रबंधन से पौधे की वानस्पतिक एवं फलने-फूलने की अवस्था में जोरदार विकास होता है।
☀️ जल आवश्यकता एवं सिंचाई प्रोफाइल
Sesame is inherently drought-tolerant due to its taproot system but is sensitive to both moisture stress and waterlogging. Under drip irrigation, apply 2–3 cm water per session at 5–7 day intervals during active growth. Drip systems significantly improve uniformity and help manage weeds.
🌦️ Soil नमी प्रबंधन
In rainfed conditions, sow with the first effective monsoon spell. Use mulching ( straw or polyethylene) to conserve soil moisture. Avoid standing water at any stage — raised beds or ridges are recommended in heavy soils.
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First irrigation at 3–5 DAS (Days After Sowing) if pre-sow moisture is insufficient; promotes uniform germination.
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During vegetative phase (15–40 DAS), maintain light soil moisture at 5–7 day intervals; avoid excess water that encourages root rot.
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Critical stage — flowering and pod initiation (45–65 DAS): Ensure adequate moisture; severe stress here reduces capsule set and seed quality.
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Withhold irrigation completely 10–12 days before harvest to facilitate capsule drying on the plant and prevent shattering losses.
🧪 उर्वरक एवं पोषण प्रबंधन
संतुलित पोषण से मजबूत पौधा संरचना और उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली उपज प्राप्त होती है।
| पोषक तत्व | अनुशंसित मात्रा (प्रति एकड़) | प्रयोग विधि एवं समय |
|---|---|---|
| नाइट्रोजन (N) | 40 kg N / Ha (16–20 kg/acre) | 50% basal at sowing + 50% top-dress at 30 DAS |
| Phosphorus (P2O5) | 30 kg P2O5 / Ha (12–15 kg/acre) | 100% basal as DAP (68 kg/ha) or SSP (400 kg/ha) at sowing |
| Potash (K2O) | 20 kg K2O / Ha (8–10 kg/acre) | 100% basal as MOP at sowing for improved capsule filling and stress tolerance |
🌿 निराई-गुड़ाई एवं खरपतवार नियंत्रण
समय पर खरपतवार नियंत्रण से मुख्य फसल को पूर्ण पोषण और नमी मिलती है।
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1
पहली निराई-गुड़ाई: Carry out at 15 DAS using a manual hoe or cultipacker. Sesame has slow early growth and is highly competitive against weeds; keeping the field weed-free during the first 30 days is critical for crop vigor.
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Second Weeding & Light Earthing-Up: Conducted at 30 DAS. Light earthing-up around the base improves root aeration and provides stability to the 95–105 cm tall plants, reducing lodging risk.
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3
Mulching and Inter-row Cultivation: Apply straw mulch @ 3–4 tonnes/ha after second weeding to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. Conduct inter-row hoeing at 45 DAS. Remove weaker seedlings at 20 DAS to maintain 10–15 cm plant-to-plant spacing for optimal photosynthesis and capsule development.
🛡️ कीट एवं रोग नियंत्रण
फसल की सक्रिय निगरानी और एकीकृत प्रबंधन से रोगमुक्त एवं स्वस्थ फसल सुनिश्चित होती है।
🐛 कीट प्रबंधन एवं रोकथाम
- Aphids (Aphis gossypii): Sucking sap from tender shoots causing curling and honeydew sooty mold. Spray Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3 ml/L or Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.2 g/L. Repeat at 10-day interval if infestation persists.
- Semilooper (Achaea janata): Larvae chew irregular holes in leaves, defoliating plants severely. Spray Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.3 ml/L or Bt formulation (Curlew) @ 1 g/L. Target early larval stage for maximum control.
- Jassids (Amritodus atropunctatus): Honeydew secretion and leaf yellowing with curling. Spray Acetamiprid 20% SP @ 0.5 g/L or Dimethoate 30% EC @ 1 ml/L. Monitor regularly during dry, warm conditions.
🔬 रोग नियंत्रण एवं उपचार
- Phytophthora Blight (Phytophthora nicotianae): Wilting, blackening of stem base, and plant death. Preventive spray of Metalaxyl 35% WP @ 2.5 g/L or Mancozeb @ 2 g/L at 15-day intervals starting from 30 DAS. Ensure field drainage is adequate.
- .root Rot / Collar Rot (Rhizoctonia solani): Water-soaked lesions at soil line, wilting, and rotting. Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g/kg + Carbendazim @ 2 g/kg before sowing. Avoid waterlogged fields.
- Sclerotial Rot (Sclerotium rolfsii): ਚਿੱਟਾ fungal growth on stem base, spherical sclerotia formation, and plant collapse. Apply Trichoderma @ 5 kg/ha in soil drench at 30 DAS. Remove and destroy infected plants immediately; avoid continuous sesame monoculture.
✂️ कटाई एवं उपज गुणवत्ता निर्देशिका
सही परिपक्वता पर कटाई से अधिकतम मंडी भाव और बेहतर भंडारण क्षमता मिलती है।
⏱️ कटाई समय एवं निर्धारण
Primary harvest at 80–85 DAS when 70–80% capsules turn brown and begin to split. Selective picking may be done every 3–4 days from lower canopy upward, as capsules mature progressively from bottom to top.
⭐ उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं विशेषताएं
ਚਿੱਟਾ-seeded variety with high oil content, delicate nutty flavor, and excellent shell-out percentage. Capsules are non-shattering to moderately shattering, ensuring good seed retention at maturity. Seeds exhibit uniform size, bright white color, and minimal broken kernels.
| गुणवत्ता मानक | कृषि मानक | किसान एवं मंडी लाभ |
|---|---|---|
| कटाई की अवस्था | 80–85 Days after sowing; when lower capsules turn straw-colored | Captures peak seed fill and ensures premium seed appearance and oil quality |
| परिपक्वता के लक्षण | Brown/dry capsules, seeds rattle when shaken, lower leaves turn yellow | Prevents over-maturity, minimizes shattering losses, and preserves seed color integrity |
| भंडारण क्षमता एवं टिकाऊपन | 6–8 months under cool, dry conditions in gunny bags or sealed containers | ਚਿੱਟਾ sesame seeds resist rancidity well due to balanced oil composition, supporting extended marketability |
| मंडी मांग एवं उपयुक्तता | Premium export-quality white sesame; preferred for confectionery, bakery, oil extraction, and ethnic food processing | ਉੱਚਾ demand in domestic and international markets (Middle East, Southeast Asia) fetches better realized prices for growers |
⭐ किस्म की विशेषताएं — Sesame Guj 2
विशिष्ट विशेषताएं जो इस किस्म को भारतीय किसानों की पहली पसंद बनाती हैं।
🌿 किस्म की मुख्य विशेषताएं
Sesamum Guj 2 is a high-performing white-seeded sesame variety developed for Indian agro-climatic conditions, offering reliable field performance across Kharif and Rabi seasons.
🌿 उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं रूप-रंग
Produces brilliant white seeds with 100-seed weight of 3.7 g, exhibiting excellent uniformity, high shell-out, and superior commercial grade accepted by processors and exporters.
🌿 तनाव एवं रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता
Demonstrates good tolerance to Phytophthora blight and root rots under field conditions, with moderate resistance to jassid infestation. Adapts well to moisture stress once established.
🌿 वृद्धि स्वभाव एवं ओज (विगर)
Compact to semi-erect plant architecture with height of 95–105 cm. Strong main stem with well-branched lateral growth supports abundant capsule distribution along the stem.
🌿 फसल अवधि एवं पकने का समय
Reaches 50% flowering in 45–50 days and attains physiological maturity in 80–85 days, enabling flexible rotation with subsequent Kharif or Rabi crops such as mustard, groundnut, or pulses.
🌿 मंडी एवं किसान प्राथमिकता
Farmers favor Sesamum Guj 2 for its consistent stand establishment, ease of harvest, uniform maturation, and strong market demand for its white seed grade. Recommended by agronomists across Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, and Maharashtra for both rainfed and irrigated cultivation.
