Description
खेती एवं बुवाई निर्देशिका — Coriander Seeds Sugandh
फसल के सर्वोत्तम प्रबंधन, रोग प्रतिरोधकता और प्रीमियम उत्पादन के लिए संपूर्ण चरणबद्ध कृषि निर्देशिका।
🌾 भूमि की तैयारी एवं खेत सुधार
खेत की समुचित जुताई एवं तैयारी से एकसमान अंकुरण और मजबूत जड़ों का विकास होता है।
🌱 आदर्श मिट्टी का प्रकार एवं pH
Well-drained loamy to sandy-loam soils with a pH range of 6.0–7.5. Good organic matter content enhances oil content and foliage vigor.
✨ प्रमुख कृषि लाभ
Free-draining soil ensures rapid seed imbibition and uniform germination while preventing root rot in humid conditions.
- 1
Deep ploughing in summer followed by 2–3 harrowings to achieve fine tilth and destroy perennial weeds.
- 2
Field leveling with laser leveling equipment to ensure uniform moisture distribution.
- 3
Incorporation of 8–10 t/acre well-decomposed FYM or vermicompost during last ploughing.
- 4
Soil health conditioning: apply gypsum (100 kg/acre) in alkaline soils and sulphur (25 kg/acre) in calcareous soils to optimise pH.
🌱 बुवाई का समय एवं विधि
सटीक बीज दर और सही दूरी से पौधों को पर्याप्त सूर्य का प्रकाश और संतुलित विकास मिलता है।
| मानक / पैरामीटर | अनुशंसा / निर्देश | कृषि महत्व |
|---|---|---|
| बुवाई समय सीमा | Best in Rabi (October–November) for premium leaf quality; Kharif (June–July) for summer cultivation with irrigation. | Optimal temperature (15–25 °C) prevents early bolting and ensures dense canopy formation. |
| बीज दर (प्रति एकड़) | 8–10 kg/acre for line sowing; 10–12 kg/acre for broadcast method. | Maintains ideal plant population for balanced canopy and maximises branching potential. |
| कतार एवं पौधे का अंतर | Row-to-row: 30 cm; Plant-to-plant: 10 cm. | Promotes adequate airflow, reduces disease humidity, and accommodates natural spreading habit. |
| बुवाई की गहराई | 1.0–1.5 cm depth; seeds must be lightly pressed into soil without deep burial. | Shallow sowing ensures quick radicle emergence and uniform stand establishment. |
💧 सिंचाई एवं जल प्रबंधन
उचित नमी प्रबंधन से पौधे की वानस्पतिक एवं फलने-फूलने की अवस्था में जोरदार विकास होता है।
☀️ जल आवश्यकता एवं सिंचाई प्रोफाइल
Moderately drought-sensitive during early vegetative stage. Requires consistent soil moisture but cannot tolerate waterlogging. Drip irrigation with lateral spacing of 60 cm and emitters at 2 L/hour is highly suitable, reducing water use by 30–40%.
🌦️ Soil नमी प्रबंधन
In rainfed zones, synchronise sowing with pre-monsoon showers or rely on residual soil moisture. Use mulching (straw/paddy husk) to minimise evaporation and maintain root-zone humidity during dry spells.
- ✓
First irrigation applied 5–7 days after sowing to promote germination and early root establishment.
- ✓
During vegetative phase, irrigate at 10–12 day intervals depending on soil texture and rainfall.
- ✓
Critical growth stages: branching initiation (15–20 DAS) and green fruit development require adequate moisture to support 40–50 branches per plant.
- ✓
Cease irrigation 7–10 days before final leaf harvest to improve firmness and extend post-harvest shelf life.
🧪 उर्वरक एवं पोषण प्रबंधन
संतुलित पोषण से मजबूत पौधा संरचना और उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली उपज प्राप्त होती है।
| पोषक तत्व | अनुशंसित मात्रा (प्रति एकड़) | प्रयोग विधि एवं समय |
|---|---|---|
| नाइट्रोजन (N) | 40–50 kg/acre | 50% basal at sowing; remaining 50% as top-dressing at 25 DAS to support dense branching. |
| Phosphorus (P2O5) | 25–30 kg/acre | 100% basal application incorporated with FYM and basal nitrogen. |
| Potash (K2O) | 20–25 kg/acre | Applied in two splits: 50% basal and 50% at first weeding to enhance fruit set and stress tolerance. |
🌿 निराई-गुड़ाई एवं खरपतवार नियंत्रण
समय पर खरपतवार नियंत्रण से मुख्य फसल को पूर्ण पोषण और नमी मिलती है।
-
1
पहली निराई-गुड़ाई: Carry out at 10–12 days after sowing (DAS) using a conformable hoe or cultivator to keep the field weed-free during early competition.
-
2
Second Weeding & Inter-row Cultivation: Perform at 25–30 DAS before first leaf harvest to relieve root zone compaction and improve oxygen availability for branching roots.
-
3
Mulching Application: Spread paddy straw mulch (200–250 kg/acre) immediately after second weeding to conserve soil moisture, suppress weeds, and maintain clean foliage.
🛡️ कीट एवं रोग नियंत्रण
फसल की सक्रिय निगरानी और एकीकृत प्रबंधन से रोगमुक्त एवं स्वस्थ फसल सुनिश्चित होती है।
🐛 कीट प्रबंधन एवं रोकथाम
- Aphid (Macrosiphum coriandri): Sucking sap from leaves and stems causing curling and honeydew soot. Control: Spray imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3 ml/litre or neem oil 3% EC @ 5 ml/litre at 15 DAS and repeat after 10 days if infestation persists.
- Coriander leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii): Miners create serpentine trails in leaves, reducing photosynthetic area. Control: Apply spinosad 45% SC @ 0.5 ml/litre or capture 10% EC @ 1.5 ml/litre at first sign of mining. Practice crop rotation to break pest cycle.
- Coriander fruit borer (Homoeocera punctigera): Larvae bore into developing fruits causing wilting and premature drop. Control: Install pheromone traps @ 10/acre for monitoring and spray chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.3 ml/litre at flowering stage.
🔬 रोग नियंत्रण एवं उपचार
- Downy mildew (Peronospora coriandri): Yellow patches on upper leaf surface with fuzzy grey-purple sporulation underneath. Control: Spray mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5 g/litre or metalaxyl 35% WS @ 1.0 g/litre at 20 DAS and repeat at 10-day intervals during humid weather.
- Leaf spot / blight (Cercospora coriandrina): Small brown spots with yellow halos on leaves that coalesce and cause defoliation. Control: Apply copper oxychloride 50% WP @ 3.0 g/litre or kasugamycin 5% SL @ 1.0 ml/litre at onset of symptoms.
- Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni): வெள்ளை powdery growth on leaves and stems, stunting growth and reducing branching. Control: Spray wettable sulphur 80% WP @ 3.0 g/litre or myclobutanil 10% WP @ 0.5 g/litre at early infection stage.
✂️ कटाई एवं उपज गुणवत्ता निर्देशिका
सही परिपक्वता पर कटाई से अधिकतम मंडी भाव और बेहतर भंडारण क्षमता मिलती है।
⏱️ कटाई समय एवं निर्धारण
First leaf harvest can begin at 25–30 days after sowing. Subsequent pickings are possible at 15–20 day intervals, retaining 5–7 cm stubble for regrowth. Final harvest for green fruit/seeds occurs approximately 60–70 DAS when fruits turn light brown.
⭐ उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं विशेषताएं
Vibrant green, finely divided leaves with strong aroma; spherical, bright green fruits (before drying) that develop rich essential oil content. Foliage is tender with high market appeal.
| गुणवत्ता मानक | कृषि मानक | किसान एवं मंडी लाभ |
|---|---|---|
| पहली कटाई / तुड़ाई Stage | 25–30 बुवाई के दिन बाद for leaf picking; 60–70 DAS for fruit maturation | Early leaf harvesting captures peak tenderness and aroma, allowing farmers to access premium markets quickly. |
| परिपक्वता के लक्षण | Leaves: fully expanded, deep green, no signs of bolting. Fruits: firm, green turning pale yellow/brown, aromatic when crushed. | Visual cues indicate optimal physiological maturity, ensuring maximum essential oil and flavour compound content. |
| भंडारण क्षमता एवं टिकाऊपन | Fresh leaves: 5–7 days under refrigerated conditions (2–4 °C); fresh green fruits: 7–10 days ambient. Dried seeds: 12–15 months in airtight packaging. | Superior post-harvest longevity reduces spoilage losses and supports longer distribution windows for exporters and processors. |
| मंडी मांग एवं उपयुक्तता | Ideal for fresh vegetable markets, export consignments, processing units (oil extraction), and dry spice trade after threshing and cleaning. | Versatile produce fetches multiple income streams and meets diverse demand from metropolitan mandis, retail chains, and international buyers. |
⭐ किस्म की विशेषताएं — Sugandh: Fragrant Aroma & Fresh Market Variety
Sugandh (सुगंध = Fragrance) is specially chosen for its strong aromatic leaf quality. Best suited for fresh sabzi markets, restaurant supply, and buyers who value strong coriander fragrance over dry seed yield.
🌿 किस्म की मुख्य विशेषताएं
Sugandh is selected specifically for its high essential oil content and strong characteristic coriander fragrance — a quality that commands premium pricing at fresh produce markets and wholesale sabzi mandis.
🌿 उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं रूप-रंग
Bright green, highly aromatic leaves and uniformly shaped spherical fruits with intense essential oil content, appealing to both fresh produce and dry spice markets.
🌿 तनाव एवं रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता
Moderate tolerance to downy mildew and leaf spot. Note: Being an aromatic variety, Sugandh performs best under mild temperatures (15–28°C). உயர்ந்தது heat above 35°C may reduce essential oil content and aroma intensity.
🌿 वृद्धि स्वभाव एवं ओज (विगर)
Spreading growth habit producing 40–50 well-branched plants per square meter, resulting in dense canopy and high biomass accumulation.
🌿 फसल अवधि एवं पकने का समय
First fragrant leaf harvest at 25–28 DAS — harvest at this early stage captures peak essential oil and aroma. Quick turnover allows 3–5 cuts per crop cycle, maximising fresh market income.
🌿 मंडी एवं किसान प्राथमिकता
Preferred by farmers supplying fresh vegetable markets, metro supermarkets, and food processors who specifically demand high-aroma coriander. Sugandh leaf retains fragrance longer post-harvest, reducing rejection at market.
