Description
ખેતી અને વાવણી માર્ગદર્શિકા — Arhar Seeds Surbhi
પાકના શ્રેષ્ઠ સંચાલન, રોગ પ્રતિકારક શક્તિ અને પ્રીમિયમ ગુણવત્તાવાળા ઉત્પાદન માટે સંપૂર્ણ વિગતવાર માર્ગદર્શિકા.
🌾 જમીનની તૈયારી અને ખેડ
જમીનની યોગ્ય તૈયારીથી એકસરખો ઉગાવો અને મૂળનો ઊંડો વિકાસ સુનિશ્ચિત થાય છે.
🌱 યોગ્ય જમીનનો પ્રકાર અને pH
Well-drained loamy to black cotton soils (Vertisols) with a pH range of 6.0 to 8.0. Pigeon pea thrives in soils with moderate fertility and good permeability.
✨ મુખ્ય કૃષિ ફાયદા
Deep taproot system establishes rapidly in well-structured soil, providing excellent anchorage for tall plants and enabling access to subsoil moisture and nutrients.
- 1
Deep summer ploughing followed by 2–3 cross-harrowings to break hardpan and prepare fine tilth.
- 2
Field leveling and drainage preparation to prevent waterlogging during monsoon rains.
- 3
Incorporation of well-decomposed FYM or compost (10–15 tonnes per acre) at last ploughing for soil organic matter enrichment.
- 4
Soil health conditioning: liming recommended for acidic soils below pH 5.5; gypsum application advised for sodic soils above pH 8.5.
🌱 વાવણીનો સમય અને પદ્ધતિ
Precise seed rate and spacing maximize light interception and canopy development.
| માપદંડ / પેરામીટર | ભલામણ / સૂચના | કૃષિ મહત્વ |
|---|---|---|
| વાવણી સમયમર્યાદા | May to August (early Kharif to late Kharif windows) | Aligns germination and early growth with pre-monsoon soil moisture and subsequent rainfall distribution |
| બિયારણનો દર (એકર દીઠ) | 1.5 to 2.0 kg per acre | Optimized seed rate ensures adequate plant population while preventing overcrowding and disease pressure |
| હાર અને છોડ વચ્ચેનું અંતર | 90 cm (row-to-row) x 30 cm (plant-to-plant) | Provides optimal canopy spread, air circulation, and sunlight penetration for healthy pod development |
| વાવણીની ઊંડાઈ | 3 to 5 cm below soil surface | Ensures proper seed-soil contact for uniform germination while allowing radicle emergence without strain |
💧 પિયત અને પાણી વ્યવસ્થાપન
Adequate moisture regulation supports strong vegetative and reproductive growth.
☀️ પાણીની જરૂરિયાત અને પિયત પ્રોફાઇલ
Arhar Surbhi exhibits moderate drought tolerance due to its deep root system. Under irrigated conditions, irrigation at critical stages significantly enhances flower retention and pod setting. The crop requires approximately 450–550 mm of water during the growing period. Drip irrigation is compatible and water-efficient when integrated with fertigation.
🌦️ Soil ભેજ વ્યવસ્થાપન
In rainfed conditions, ensure good soil moisture conservation through mulching or intercropping. Avoid moisture stress during flowering and pod development stages, as these are most sensitive to water deficit. Early sowing in residual soil moisture can help establish roots before peak monsoon.
- ✓
First irrigation at 10–15 DAS if soil moisture is inadequate; establishes strong initial root growth.
- ✓
During vegetative phase, light irrigation at 15–20 day intervals during dry spells promotes bushy growth.
- ✓
Critical stage irrigation at flowering and pod filling (50–80 DAS) is essential for maximizing grain quality and weight.
- ✓
Withhold irrigation 10–15 days before harvest to facilitate uniform pod drying and reduce pod shattering losses.
🧪 ખાતર અને પોષણ વ્યવસ્થાપન
Balanced crop nutrition supports robust plant structure and premium produce quality.
| પોષક તત્વ | ભલામણ કરેલ માત્રા (એકર દીઠ) | ઉપયોગ પદ્ધતિ અને સમય |
|---|---|---|
| નાઇટ્રોજન (N) | 20–25 kg/acre | Basal 10 kg + top-dressing 10–15 kg at 30 DAS |
| ફોસ્ફરસ (P2O5) | 40–50 kg/acre | 100% basal application with DAP or SSP at sowing |
| પોટાશ (K2O) | 20–25 kg/acre | 100% basal with MOP or SOP for improved pod filling and stalk strength |
🌿 નિંદામણ નિયંત્રણ અને આંતરખેડ
Timely weed control ensures optimal nutrient and moisture availability for crop seedlings.
-
1
પ્રથમ નિંદામણ અને ગોડ: Carried out at 20–25 DAS to eliminate early weed competition. Shallow hoeing avoids root damage while ensuring a weed-free critical period for seedling establishment.
-
2
બીજી વાવણી અને પાળા ચઢાવવા: Performed at 40–45 DAS to control later-emerging weeds and provide root zone aeration. Earthing-up around the base supports tall plants and prevents lodging during heavy rains.
-
3
Mulching and Staking: Organic mulching with crop residues at 30 DAS conserves soil moisture and suppresses weeds. For taller stands, staking or tying with natural fibers may be needed in high-nitrogen zones to prevent lodging.
🛡️ જીવાત અને રોગ નિયંત્રણ
Proactive crop monitoring and integrated management ensure healthy crop development.
🐛 જીવાત નિયંત્રણ અને સંરક્ષણ
- Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera): Larvae bore into pods and feed on developing grains. Monitor using pheromone traps at 10/acre. Spray Cartap hydrochloride 4G at 20 kg/acre or Spinetoram 12% SC at 100 ml/acre at first sign of infestation. Repeat at 10-day intervals if needed.
- Pigeon Pea Husk Bug (Riptortus linearis): Sucks sap from pods causing shriveling and whitish patches. Spray Neem-based formulation (NSKE 5%) at 5% solution or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL at 60 ml/acre. Deploy yellow sticky traps at 5/acre for monitoring.
- Pod Beetle (Bruchus cobanensis): Adults lay eggs on pods; larvae develop inside grains. Apply Carbaryl 50 WP at 1 kg/acre or Chlorpyriphos 20 EC at 1.5 L/acre at pod initiation stage. Destroy infested pods manually to break life cycle.
🔬 રોગ નિયંત્રણ અને ઉપચાર
- Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum): Plants show sudden wilting with green leaves; brown discoloration in vascular tissue on stem cross-section. Use pathogen-free seeds; drench soil with Streptocycline 0.1 g/L or Copper oxychloride 0.3% at planting. Remove and destroy infected plants immediately.
- Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium udum): Yellowing and wilting of lower leaves starting from one side; brown streaks on stem. Apply Trichoderma viride at 10 kg/acre mixed with FYM as basal; seed treatment with Carbendazim 50 WP at 2 g/kg seed. Avoid continuous pigeon pea cropping.
- Anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum): Dark circular spots on pods and leaves; black acervuli visible under humid conditions. Spray Mancozeb 75 WP at 2 kg/acre or Propiconazole 25% EC at 500 ml/acre at first appearance. Ensure proper spacing for canopy ventilation.
✂️ કાપણી અને ગુણવત્તા માર્ગદર્શિકા
Harvesting at peak maturity ensures maximum commercial grade and long keeping quality.
⏱️ કાપણીનો સમય અને આયોજન
harvest commences at 130–140 days after sowing when 70–80% of pods turn brown and begin drying on the plant. Pods mature asynchronously, so 2–3 selective picking rounds may be needed at 7–10 day intervals.
⭐ ઉત્પાદનની ગુણવત્તા અને લક્ષણો
Grains are light gray in color with 5–7 grains per pod, exhibiting uniform size, good test weight, and pleasant flavor. The green foliage during growth indicates healthy photosynthetic activity contributing to premium grain filling.
| ગુણવત્તા માપદંડ | કૃષિ ધોરણ | ખેડૂત અને બજાર ફાયદો |
|---|---|---|
| કાપણીનો તબક્કો | 130 – 140 વાવણી પછીના દિવસો | Ensures full grain maturation and optimal light-gray color development for market acceptance |
| પરિપક્વતાના લક્ષણો | Pods turn brown and dry; grains rattle inside pods; plant foliage begins yellowing | Prevents over-maturity that leads to excessive pod shattering and grain loss in field |
| સંગ્રહ ક્ષમતા અને ગુણવત્તા | 3–4 months under dry, cool storage with moisture content below 12% | Light gray grains maintain visual appeal and cooking quality during storage and transit |
| બજાર માંગ અને યોગ્યતા | Suitable for direct grain market, dal processing, and institutional buyers | Uniform grain color and size attract premium rates from traders and processing units |
⭐ જાતની વિશેષતાઓ — Arhar Seeds Surbhi
Distinguishing characteristics that make this variety a top choice for Indian growers.
🌿 જાતની મુખ્ય વિશેષતાઓ
Arhar Seeds Surbhi delivers robust field performance with consistent pod set and strong grain filling under Indian Kharif conditions, backed by reliable germination and stand establishment.
🌿 ઉત્પાદનની ગુણવત્તા અને દેખાવ
Light gray grains with 5–7 well-filled kernels per pod offer excellent visual appeal, uniform size, and superior cooking quality preferred by consumers and processors alike.
🌿 વાતાવરણ અને રોગ પ્રતિકારક ક્ષમતા
Demonstrates good field tolerance to common pigeon pea diseases including bacterial and Fusarium wilts, along with moderate resilience to drought conditions typical of rainfed ecosystems.
🌿 વિકાસ અને છોડની જોમ
Vigorous upward growth habit reaching 5–6 feet with dense green foliage, strong main stem, and well-branched architecture that supports heavy pod load without lodging.
🌿 પાક સમયગાળો અને પાકવાનો સમય
Medium duration variety maturing in 130–140 days, enabling flexible integration into crop rotation systems and timely land preparation for subsequent crops.
🌿 બજાર અને ખેડૂત પસંદગી
Trusted by farmers across central and western India for its dependable performance, attractive light-gray grain color, and consistent pod productivity, making it a preferred choice among traders and dal mill buyers.
