Description
खेती एवं बुवाई निर्देशिका — तिल Siddhi Super
फसल के सर्वोत्तम प्रबंधन, रोग प्रतिरोधकता और प्रीमियम उत्पादन के लिए संपूर्ण चरणबद्ध कृषि निर्देशिका।
🌾 भूमि की तैयारी एवं खेत सुधार
खेत की समुचित जुताई एवं तैयारी से एकसमान अंकुरण और मजबूत जड़ों का विकास होता है।
🌱 आदर्श मिट्टी का प्रकार एवं pH
Well-drained loamy to sandy-loam soils with pH 6.0–7.5. तिल thrives in light, warm soils that do not waterlog. Heavy clays and water-stagnant fields must be avoided.
✨ प्रमुख कृषि लाभ
Fine, well-tilled seedbed ensures rapid germination and strong early root development, critical for sesame's shallow seedling phase.
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Deep summer ploughing followed by 2–3 cross-harrowings to produce a fine, crumbly tilth.
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Field leveling with ridges and furrows or flat sowing beds depending on irrigation availability.
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Incorporation of 5–8 tonnes/ha well-decomposed FYM or farmyard compost during last ploughing for soil structure improvement.
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Soil health conditioning: if pH is below 5.5, apply agricultural lime at 250–500 kg/ha based on soil test; for saline-affected soils, use gypsum at 500–750 kg/ha.
🌱 बुवाई का समय एवं विधि
सटीक बीज दर और सही दूरी से पौधों को पर्याप्त सूर्य का प्रकाश और संतुलित विकास मिलता है।
| मानक / पैरामीटर | अनुशंसा / निर्देश | कृषि महत्व |
|---|---|---|
| बुवाई समय सीमा | June–July (Kharif); October–November (Rabi in Maharashtra, Gujarat, and South India) | Ensures optimal temperature (25–35°C) for germination and avoids extreme cold during capsule maturation |
| बीज दर (प्रति एकड़) | 3–4 kg/ha for line sowing; slightly higher (4–5 kg/ha) for broadcast | Maintains ideal plant population for canopy cover without excessive competition |
| कतार एवं पौधे का अंतर | 45 cm row-to-row × 10–15 cm plant-to-plant within row | Provides adequate canopy spread, improves air circulation, and reduces humidity-related disease pressure |
| बुवाई की गहराई | 1.0–1.5 cm (never deeper than 2 cm) | Small seeds require shallow sowing for uniform and rapid emergence |
💧 सिंचाई एवं जल प्रबंधन
उचित नमी प्रबंधन से पौधे की वानस्पतिक एवं फलने-फूलने की अवस्था में जोरदार विकास होता है।
☀️ जल आवश्यकता एवं सिंचाई प्रोफाइल
तिल is inherently drought-tolerant due to its narrow leaves and deep taproot system. However, consistent moisture during flowering and pod-filling significantly enhances oil content and overall produce quality. Under drip irrigation, apply 25–30 mm per event at 7–10 day intervals during active growth. Flood irrigation should be light and frequent rather than heavy and infrequent.
🌦️ Soil नमी प्रबंधन
In rainfed areas, synchronize sowing with pre-monsoon showers or rely on residual soil moisture. Install broad beds and furrows for efficient runoff capture. Mulching with straw at 2–3 tonnes/ha conserves soil moisture and suppresses weeds. Avoid waterlogging at all costs—even brief saturation can cause rapid seedling collapse.
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First irrigation at 15–20 DAS (Days After Sowing) to support early establishment; crucial in light soils.
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Vegetative phase: irrigate at 25–30 day intervals depending on soil moisture; maintain even moisture without saturation.
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Critical stage—at flowering and early pod initiation (45–60 DAS)—irrigation must be timely; moisture stress here reduces capsule set and oil biosynthesis.
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Withhold irrigation 10–12 days before harvest to allow capsule desiccation and reduce shattering losses.
🧪 उर्वरक एवं पोषण प्रबंधन
संतुलित पोषण से मजबूत पौधा संरचना और उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली उपज प्राप्त होती है।
| पोषक तत्व | अनुशंसित मात्रा (प्रति एकड़) | प्रयोग विधि एवं समय |
|---|---|---|
| नाइट्रोजन (N) | 40–50 kg/ha (approx. 16–20 kg N/acre) | 50% basal at sowing + 50% top-dressing at 30–35 DAS |
| फॉस्फोरस (P2O5) | 30–40 kg/ha (approx. 12–16 kg P2O5/acre) | 100% basal as DAP (18:46:0) or SSP at sowing; placement 5 cm below and beside seed for best uptake |
| पोटाश (K2O) | 20–25 kg/ha (approx. 8–10 kg K2O/acre) | 100% basal as MOP (60% K2O); supports stalk strength and disease resilience |
🌿 निराई-गुड़ाई एवं खरपतवार नियंत्रण
समय पर खरपतवार नियंत्रण से मुख्य फसल को पूर्ण पोषण और नमी मिलती है।
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1
पहली निराई-गुड़ाई: Carry out at 15–20 DAS using a hand hoe or conformator. तिल has a slow early growth phase, making it highly competitive against weeds. A weed-free period up to 30 DAS is essential for uniform stand and canopy development.
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2
Second Weeding & Shallow Hoeing: Conduct at 30–35 DAS. Keep hoeing very shallow (2–3 cm depth) as sesame has a shallow feeder-root system that is easily damaged by deep cultivation. This also improves oxygen availability near the root zone.
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3
Mulching and Intra-row Hoeing: Straw mulch at 2–3 tonnes/ha between rows conserves moisture, regulates soil temperature, and suppresses late-season weed flush. For dense.canopy management, remove excess basal suckers if present to direct carbohydrates toward main stem and primary branches.
🛡️ कीट एवं रोग नियंत्रण
फसल की सक्रिय निगरानी और एकीकृत प्रबंधन से रोगमुक्त एवं स्वस्थ फसल सुनिश्चित होती है।
🐛 कीट प्रबंधन एवं रोकथाम
- Jassids (Amrasca biguttula biguttula): Small yellowish-green insects causing leaf curling and silvering. Monitor with yellow sticky traps. Spray imidacloprid @ 0.3 ml/L or thiamethoxam @ 0.2 ml/L as foliar spray. Biological control: conserve Trichogramma releases and avoid broad-spectrum insecticides during peak jassid incidence.
- Smoke blight / Semitretia inferens caterpillars: Bore into stems and terminals causing wilting and shoot death. Remove and destroy affected shoots manually. Spray chlorantraniliprole @ 0.3 ml/L or bte (Bacillus thuringiensis) @ 2–3 g/L on young larvae. Maintain field hygiene by destroying crop residues post-harvest.
- Shoot and fruit borer (Etinza posticalis): Larvae mine into capsules and stems causing drying and premature capsule drop. Apply pheromone traps @ 10 traps/ha for monitoring and mass trapping. Spray spinosad @ 0.2 ml/L or carbaryl @ 1 g/L at first sign of infestation. Practice crop rotation with non-host crops to reduce carry-over populations.
🔬 रोग नियंत्रण एवं उपचार
- Foot rot / Collar rot (Macrophomina phaseolina): Black sclerotia formation at stem base, wilting, and plant death. Seed treatment with carbendazim @ 3 g/kg or thiram @ 4 g/kg prevents initial infection. Rotate with non-host cereals for 2–3 seasons. Avoid waterlogging and ensure raised bed sowing in heavy soils.
- Lecanium scale / सफ़ेदfly (Aleurodicus spp.): Sucking pests covering undersides of leaves with white waxy coating, causing honeydew sooty mold. Spray neem-based formulations (neem oil @ 3 ml/L) or diafenthiuron @ 1 g/L. Encourage natural predators like ladybird beetles and lacewings.
- Powdery mildew (Oidium sesami): सफ़ेद powdery growth on leaves and capsules reducing photosynthetic efficiency and oil quality. Apply sulfur dust @ 25 kg/ha or wettable sulfur @ 2 g/L at first symptom appearance. Repeat at 10–12 day intervals. Ensure adequate row spacing for canopy airflow and reduced humidity.
✂️ कटाई एवं उपज गुणवत्ता निर्देशिका
सही परिपक्वता पर कटाई से अधिकतम मंडी भाव और बेहतर भंडारण क्षमता मिलती है।
⏱️ कटाई समय एवं निर्धारण
Capsules mature sequentially from bottom to top. Begin partial harvesting when 60–70% of capsules on lower branches turn brown and begin to split. Subsequent pickings at 7–10 day intervals. Final harvest at 80–85 DAS when majority of capsules are mature. Avoid waiting for 100% capsule opening as sesame shatters readily.
⭐ उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं विशेषताएं
सफ़ेद-colored, medium-sized seeds with high oil content, bright luster, and low moisture. Capsules are erect to semi-erect, reducing soil contact contamination. The variety shows excellent seed filling uniformity and minimal empty capsules.
| गुणवत्ता मानक | कृषि मानक | किसान एवं मंडी लाभ |
|---|---|---|
| कटाई की अवस्था | 80–85 बुवाई के दिन बाद (partial picking begins at ~75 DAS) | Ensures peak oil biosynthesis and early market availability before full-season price dips |
| परिपक्वता के लक्षण | Lower capsules turn pale brown, seeds inside become hard and glossy white; a gentle shake causes slight capsule opening | Prevents over-maturity, excessive shattering, and darkening of seed coat |
| भंडारण क्षमता एवं टिकाऊपन | 4–6 months under ambient storage; 6–8 months under cool, dry conditions with moisture content below 5% | Facilitates long-distance transport and extended sales window without rancidity development |
| मंडी मांग एवं उपयुक्तता | Premium edible oil extraction, whole seed trade, tahini/food processing, and export markets requiring clean white sesame | Consistent white color, high oil percentage, and low foreign matter attract premium rates from processors and traders |
⭐ किस्म की विशेषताएं — तिल Siddhi Super
विशिष्ट विशेषताएं जो इस किस्म को भारतीय किसानों की पहली पसंद बनाती हैं।
🌿 किस्म की मुख्य विशेषताएं
तिल Siddhi Super is bred for robust performance across diverse Indian agro-climatic zones with superior oil seed quality and reliable field uniformity.
🌿 उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं रूप-रंग
Produces clean white seeds with consistent size, excellent oil brightness, and minimal chaff attachment, making it ideal for both domestic and export-grade markets.
🌿 तनाव एवं रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता
Demonstrates good tolerance to foot rot, powdery mildew, and moderate resistance to jassid and shoot borer pressures under normal field conditions.
🌿 वृद्धि स्वभाव एवं ओज (विगर)
Medium-tall stature (95–105 cm) with strong main stem, well-spaced branching, and semi-erect capsule orientation that minimizes soil splash and disease incursion.
🌿 फसल अवधि एवं पकने का समय
Reaches 50% flowering in 45–50 days and completes maturity in 80–85 days, enabling flexible rotation with winter crops and multiple cropping systems.
🌿 मंडी एवं किसान प्राथमिकता
Favorable traits—uniform maturity, white seed color, and strong plant architecture—make this AgriBee variety a preferred choice among progressive farmers, seed dealers, and oilseed processors across Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and peninsular India.
