Description
खेती एवं बुवाई निर्देशिका — Gram AgriBee 3
फसल के सर्वोत्तम प्रबंधन, रोग प्रतिरोधकता और प्रीमियम उत्पादन के लिए संपूर्ण चरणबद्ध कृषि निर्देशिका।
🌾 भूमि की तैयारी एवं खेत सुधार
खेत की समुचित जुताई एवं तैयारी से एकसमान अंकुरण और मजबूत जड़ों का विकास होता है।
🌱 आदर्श मिट्टी का प्रकार एवं pH
Well-drained loamy to black cotton soils with pH 6.5–8.2. Avoid waterlogged, heavy clay, or saline-alkali soils.
✨ प्रमुख कृषि लाभ
Deep, well-aerated soil ensures rapid germination, healthy taproot development, and strong nodulation for nitrogen fixation.
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Deep summer ploughing followed by 2–3 cross-harrowings for fine tilth and weed seed burial.
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Field leveling and drainage preparation to prevent water stagnation around root zones.
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Incorporate optimal produce volume of well-decomposed FYM or compost per acre during last ploughing.
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Conduct soil health test; apply gypsum at 25–40 kg/acre in alkaline soils to improve structure and calcium status.
🌱 बुवाई का समय एवं विधि
सटीक बीज दर और सही दूरी से पौधों को पर्याप्त सूर्य का प्रकाश और संतुलित विकास मिलता है।
| मानक / पैरामीटर | अनुशंसा / निर्देश | कृषि महत्व |
|---|---|---|
| बुवाई समय सीमा | 15 October – 15 November (Rabi season) | Optimal temperature range (15–25°C) promotes uniform germination and avoids pre-monsoon pest pressure |
| बीज दर (प्रति एकड़) | 30–35 kg / Acre | Ensures optimal plant population of ~2.5–3.0 lakhs/acre for balanced canopy and tillering |
| कतार एवं पौधे का अंतर | 30 x 10 cm or 45 x 10 cm (Row-to-row × Plant-to-plant) | Promotes adequate canopy spread, inter-row aeration, and efficient light interception |
| बुवाई की गहराई | 5–7 cm in normal soils; 7–8 cm in light sandy soils | Ensures proper soil contact for uniform germination while allowing easy seedling emergence |
💧 सिंचाई एवं जल प्रबंधन
उचित नमी प्रबंधन से पौधे की वानस्पतिक एवं फलने-फूलने की अवस्था में जोरदार विकास होता है।
☀️ जल आवश्यकता एवं सिंचाई प्रोफाइल
Gram is inherently drought-adapted with moderate water needs (~350–450 mm total). Under irrigated conditions, 4–5 protective irrigations are recommended. Drip irrigation is compatible with 30–35 mm application per event at 7–10 day intervals during critical stages.
🌦️ Soil नमी प्रबंधन
In rainfed areas, rely on residual soil moisture. Ensure 1–2 protective irrigations at flowering and pod-filling stages if dry spells occur. Multi-crop operation (MCO) moisture conservation techniques like broad-bed furrow can significantly improve moisture retention.
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First irrigation (if supplemented) at 25–30 DAS to support vegetative establishment after monsoon withdrawal.
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Maintain soil moisture during vegetative phase with light irrigation at 20–25 day intervals depending on soil type and rainfall.
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Critical: Irrigate at branching/flowering stage (45–55 DAS) and pod-filling stage (75–90 DAS) — water stress during these phases reduces flower retention and seed filling.
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Withhold all irrigation 10–12 days before harvest to facilitate even pod maturation and reduce shattering.
🧪 उर्वरक एवं पोषण प्रबंधन
संतुलित पोषण से मजबूत पौधा संरचना और उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली उपज प्राप्त होती है।
| पोषक तत्व | अनुशंसित मात्रा (प्रति एकड़) | प्रयोग विधि एवं समय |
|---|---|---|
| नाइट्रोजन (N) | 20–25 kg N / Acre (10–12 kg urea basal + top dressing not typically needed due to N-fixation) | Apply 5–8 kg N as basal through DAP; rest relies on biological N-fixation via Rhizobium nodules |
| Phosphorus (P2O5) | 40–50 kg P2O5 / Acre | 100% basal application through SSP (250 kg/acre) or DAP (50 kg/acre) at sowing |
| Potash (K2O) | 20–25 kg K2O / Acre | Apply 100% basal through MOP (35–40 kg/acre) to support pod development and seed weight |
🌿 निराई-गुड़ाई एवं खरपतवार नियंत्रण
समय पर खरपतवार नियंत्रण से मुख्य फसल को पूर्ण पोषण और नमी मिलती है।
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1
पहली निराई-गुड़ाई: Carry out at 20–25 DAS using a hand hoe or weeder. Early weeding is critical as gram is a slow-growing crop competitive against weeds during the first 30 days.
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2
दूसरी निराई एवं मिट्टी चढ़ाना: Conduct at 40–45 DAS to control later-emerging weeds and provide slight soil mounding around stems for better root aeration and lodging prevention.
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3
Special Interculture Operation — Mulching: Apply crop residue mulch (paddy straw @ optimal produce volume/acre) after second weeding to conserve soil moisture, suppress weeds, and maintain favorable soil temperature during pod-filling.
🛡️ कीट एवं रोग नियंत्रण
फसल की सक्रिय निगरानी और एकीकृत प्रबंधन से रोगमुक्त एवं स्वस्थ फसल सुनिश्चित होती है।
🐛 कीट प्रबंधन एवं रोकथाम
- Gram Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera): Larvae bore into pods and feed on developing seeds. Control: Spray Carbendazim 50 WP @ 1 g/L or Emamectin Benzoate 5 SG @ 0.3 g/L at 40 and 60 DAS. Deploy pheromone traps @ 10/acre for monitoring.
- Gram Caterpillar (Etiella zinckenella): Small caterpillars mine into pods and consume seeds from inside. Control: Spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.3 ml/L or Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.5 ml/L at first sign of infestation (50–55 DAS).
- Apocryptophagus spp. (Pod Fly): Tiny flies lay eggs in young pods; larvaemine seeds causing hollowing. Control: Apply Neem-based insecticides (Neem oil 3ml/L or Azadirachtin 1% EC @ 2 ml/L) at pod initiation stage (50 DAS). Use yellow sticky traps for adult monitoring.
🔬 रोग नियंत्रण एवं उपचार
- Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris): Yellowing and wilting of lower leaves, vascular browning of stem base. Control: Seed treatment with Thiram or Carbendazim @ 2.5 g/kg seed. Soil drench with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/L at 30 DAS in affected patches. Remove and destroy infected plants.
- Ascochyta Blight (Ascochyta rabiei): Brown circular lesions with dark specks on leaves, stems, and pods; severe defoliation under humid conditions. Control: Seed treatment with Captan or Thiram @ 3 g/kg seed + foliage spray with Mancozeb 75 WP @ 2.5 g/L or Chlorothalonil 75 WP @ 2 g/L at 35 and 55 DAS.
- Phytophthora Blight (Phytophthora megasperica f.sp. ciceris): Wilting, root rot, and stem collapse, especially in waterlogged soils. Control: Ensure proper field drainage. Seed and soil treatment with Metalaxyl 35% WS @ 2.5 g/kg seed + drench at 30 DAS. Avoid standing water at any growth stage.
✂️ कटाई एवं उपज गुणवत्ता निर्देशिका
सही परिपक्वता पर कटाई से अधिकतम मंडी भाव और बेहतर भंडारण क्षमता मिलती है।
⏱️ कटाई समय एवं निर्धारण
Whole crop is harvested when 80–85% pods turn brown and plants dry completely, typically at 110–115 DAS. Cut entire plants near base using a sickle and collect for sun drying.
⭐ उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं विशेषताएं
Light brownish seeds with uniform size and smooth seed coat. ਉੱਚਾ protein content, good grain fill, attractive colour, and excellent milling quality. Pods are vigorous with consistent dehiscence resistance.
| गुणवत्ता मानक | कृषि मानक | किसान एवं मंडी लाभ |
|---|---|---|
| कटाई की अवस्था | 110–115 बुवाई के दिन बाद (DAS) | Ensures full seed maturity, optimal 100-seed weight (25–30 g), and maximum nutritional quality |
| परिपक्वता के लक्षण | Pods turn dark brown, seeds rattle inside pods, foliage becomes completely dry and straw-colored | Prevents over-maturity leading to excessive shattering and under-maturity causing poor seed quality |
| भंडारण क्षमता एवं टिकाऊपन | 4–6 months under cool, dry storage at moisture content below 10% | Long keeping quality with low insect damage incidence due to hard seed coat and low moisture retention |
| मंडी मांग एवं उपयुक्तता | Fresh market (kabuli/chana), processing units, flour (besan) mills, and pulse trading mandis | Premium grade appearance and consistent seed size attract better market rates from traders and processors |
⭐ किस्म की विशेषताएं — Gram AgriBee 3
विशिष्ट विशेषताएं जो इस किस्म को भारतीय किसानों की पहली पसंद बनाती हैं।
🌿 किस्म की मुख्य विशेषताएं
Gram AgriBee 3 delivers robust agronomic performance with superior plant architecture (61–64 cm height), well-balanced tillering (3.6 average), and consistent seed set under diverse Indian Rabi conditions.
🌿 उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं रूप-रंग
Light brownish seed coat with uniform size and shape. 100-seed weight of 25–30 g ensures premium market grading. Excellent grain filling and minimal shrivelling due to balanced carbohydrate partitioning.
🌿 तनाव एवं रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता
Moderately resistant to Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight, with good field endurance under moisture stress during post-flowering. Vigorous root system aids survival in marginal rainfall zones.
🌿 वृद्धि स्वभाव एवं ओज (विगर)
Compact plant stature (61–64 cm) with semi-determinate growth habit. Average 3.6 effective tillers per plant ensure optimal canopy distribution without lodging. Strong primary and lateral root systems.
🌿 फसल अवधि एवं पकने का समय
50% flowering at 55–65 DAS and maturity at 110–115 DAS, enabling timely harvest and seamless transition to subsequent Rabi or Kharif crops in rotation systems.
🌿 मंडी एवं किसान प्राथमिकता
AgriBee breeders selected Gram AgriBee 3 for its reliable field performance, attractive seed appearance, and consistent quality that satisfies both traders and end-processors, making it a trusted choice among progressive farmers across central and western India.
