Description
खेती एवं बुवाई निर्देशिका — ਹਰਾGram ਹਰਾGold
फसल के सर्वोत्तम प्रबंधन, रोग प्रतिरोधकता और प्रीमियम उत्पादन के लिए संपूर्ण चरणबद्ध कृषि निर्देशिका।
🌾 भूमि की तैयारी एवं खेत सुधार
खेत की समुचित जुताई एवं तैयारी से एकसमान अंकुरण और मजबूत जड़ों का विकास होता है।
🌱 आदर्श मिट्टी का प्रकार एवं pH
Well-drained sandy loam to medium black cotton soils with pH 6.5–8.0. Deep, fertile soils with good organic matter content are preferred. Waterlogging must be strictly avoided.
✨ प्रमुख कृषि लाभ
Loose, friable seedbed ensures rapid seed germination and deep root penetration, promoting strong nodulation and overall canopy development.
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Deep summer ploughing followed by 2–3 cross-harrowings to obtain fine tilth and break soil crusts.
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Field leveling with burrowing or levelling for uniform moisture distribution and drainage preparation.
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Incorporation of well-decomposed FYM (5–8 t/ha) or vermicompost at land preparation stage to boost soil biology and nutrient availability.
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Application of sulphur (10 kg/ha) in low-sulphur soils and inoculation with Rhizobium culture and PSB biofertilizers for enhanced nitrogen fixation.
🌱 बुवाई का समय एवं विधि
सटीक बीज दर और सही दूरी से पौधों को पर्याप्त सूर्य का प्रकाश और संतुलित विकास मिलता है।
| मानक / पैरामीटर | अनुशंसा / निर्देश | कृषि महत्व |
|---|---|---|
| बुवाई समय सीमा | Early June to mid-July (Kharif) / Early October to mid-November (Rabi) depending on region | Aligns sowing with monsoon onset or post-monsoon soil moisture for optimal germination and growth |
| बीज दर (प्रति एकड़) | 40–50 kg/ha (20–22 kg/acre) for line sowing; 50–60 kg/ha for broadcast | Ensures optimum plant population without overcrowding, supporting healthy branching and pod set |
| कतार एवं पौधे का अंतर | 30 cm (row-to-row) × 10 cm (plant-to-plant) | Provides adequate canopy spread, air circulation, and light penetration for uniform pod development |
| बुवाई की गहराई | 3–5 cm in normal soils; 4–5 cm in light sandy soils | Ensures sufficient soil contact for consistent moisture uptake while allowing easy seedling emergence |
💧 सिंचाई एवं जल प्रबंधन
उचित नमी प्रबंधन से पौधे की वानस्पतिक एवं फलने-फूलने की अवस्था में जोरदार विकास होता है।
☀️ जल आवश्यकता एवं सिंचाई प्रोफाइल
ਹਰਾGram ਹਰਾGold exhibits moderate drought tolerance, making it suitable for rainfed and limited-irrigation ecosystems. The crop requires approximately 400–500 mm of water over its lifecycle. Drip irrigation is highly compatible and can improve water use efficiency by 30–40%, especially in sandy soils of Gujarat and Rajasthan where frequent light irrigation is recommended.
🌦️ Soil नमी प्रबंधन
In rainfed conditions, moisture conservation through mulching (paddy straw @ 3–4 t/ha) and timely sowing within the optimal window is critical. Avoid waterlogging at any stage, as root rot and fungal diseases develop rapidly in saturated soils.
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First irrigation at 7–10 DAS to support uniform germination and early seedling establishment, especially in dry soils.
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Irrigate at 15-day intervals during the vegetative phase (15–35 DAS) depending on soil type and rainfall pattern; light but frequent irrigation for sandy soils.
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Critical irrigation at flowering initiation (35–40 DAS), pod set (40–50 DAS), and grain filling (50–60 DAS). Moisture stress during these stages significantly affects pod retention and grain quality.
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Stop irrigation 7–10 days before harvest to allow even drying, improve pod maturity, and reduce field losses during picking.
🧪 उर्वरक एवं पोषण प्रबंधन
संतुलित पोषण से मजबूत पौधा संरचना और उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली उपज प्राप्त होती है।
| पोषक तत्व | अनुशंसित मात्रा (प्रति एकड़) | प्रयोग विधि एवं समय |
|---|---|---|
| नाइट्रोजन (N) | 20–25 kg N/ha (12–15 kg/acre) | 100% basal at sowing. In high-N soils with effective Rhizobium inoculation, zero external N may be applied. Split application not recommended unless soil tests indicate deficiency. |
| Phosphorus (P2O5) | 40–50 kg P2O5/ha (16–20 kg/acre) | 100% basal as DAP (21% N, 53% P2O5) or SSP along with seed treatment. Band placement 5–7 cm below seed improves P availability in fixed soils. |
| Potash (K2O) | 20–30 kg K2O/ha (8–12 kg/acre) | 100% basal as MOP or SOP. In potash-deficient black soils of Maharashtra and MP, split application (75% basal + 25% at first flower) enhances grain firmness and shelf life. |
🌿 निराई-गुड़ाई एवं खरपतवार नियंत्रण
समय पर खरपतवार नियंत्रण से मुख्य फसल को पूर्ण पोषण और नमी मिलती है।
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1
पहली निराई-गुड़ाई: Carried out at 10–12 DAS using a hand hoe or sickle. This is the most critical period for weed competition. Early weeding prevents performance loss and reduces labour cost in subsequent operations.
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2
दूसरी निराई एवं मिट्टी चढ़ाना: Conducted at 25–30 DAS. Light earthing-up around the plant base supports root anchorage, improves aeration, and covers any exposed lateral roots formed during branching.
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3
Mulching & Inter-row Cultivation: Organic mulching with paddy straw or dried weeds (@ 3–4 t/ha) applied at 20–25 DAS conserves soil moisture, suppresses weed flush, and moderates soil temperature. Inter-row hoeing should be shallow (5 cm depth) to avoid root damage.
🛡️ कीट एवं रोग नियंत्रण
फसल की सक्रिय निगरानी और एकीकृत प्रबंधन से रोगमुक्त एवं स्वस्थ फसल सुनिश्चित होती है।
🐛 कीट प्रबंधन एवं रोकथाम
- Leafhopper (Amritodus atkinsoni): Sucks sap from leaf undersides causing yellowing and silvering. Control: Spray Dimethoate 30 EC @ 2 ml/Litre or Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.5 ml/Litre. Deploy yellow sticky traps at 15/day for monitoring.
- Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera): Larvae bore into pods consuming developing seeds. Control: Apply Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/Litre or Bacillus thuringiensis (@ 2 g/Litre) at first sign of infestation. Pheromone traps at 10/acre for population monitoring.
- Pod Bug / Stink Bug (Erinnyis spp.): Pierces pods causing shrivelled seeds and premature pod drop. Control: Spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3 ml/Litre or Carbaryl 50 WP @ 1 g/Litre. Destroy weed hosts around field margins.
🔬 रोग नियंत्रण एवं उपचार
- Yellow Mosaic Virus (YMV): Caused by Bharpuri latent virus transmitted by whitefly. Symptoms include bright yellow mosaic on leaves, stunting, and reduced branching. Prevention: Use resistant varieties, uproot infected plants immediately, and spray Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.3 ml/Litre to control whitefly vector. Avoid late Kharif sowing in endemic areas.
- Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe polygoni): ਚਿੱਟਾ powdery growth on leaves and pods, leading to premature defoliation. Control: Spray Sulphur WP @ 2 g/Litre or Myclobutanil 70 WP @ 0.3 g/Litre at first appearance. Ensure proper spacing for air circulation.
- Root Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina): Fungal disease causing wilting, root blackening, and plant death. Prevention: Seed treatment with Thiram @ 2.5 g/kg seed or Trichoderma viride @ 4 g/kg seed. Avoid waterlogged conditions and practice 2–3 year rotation with non-legume crops.
✂️ कटाई एवं उपज गुणवत्ता निर्देशिका
सही परिपक्वता पर कटाई से अधिकतम मंडी भाव और बेहतर भंडारण क्षमता मिलती है।
⏱️ कटाई समय एवं निर्धारण
harvest begins at 55–60 DAS. Subsequent pickings at 8–10 day intervals. ਹਰਾGram ਹਰਾGold produces pods sequentially from lower nodes upward, requiring 3–4 picking rounds over a 2–3 week period.
⭐ उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं विशेषताएं
Pods are bright green, smooth, and uniformly filled with round-seeded grains. The variety produces attractive green pods that retain colour and firmness well after harvest. Grains are small, oval, and possess excellent cooking quality with a soft texture and pleasant flavour.
| गुणवत्ता मानक | कृषि मानक | किसान एवं मंडी लाभ |
|---|---|---|
| कटाई की अवस्था | 55–60 Days After Sowing (DAS) — when lower pods turn brown and begin to dry on the plant | Ensures peak quality with full grain development and early market arrival for better price realization |
| परिपक्वता के लक्षण | Pods change from green to pale brown/yellow, seeds rattle inside when shaken, and pod stems begin to dry | Prevents over-maturity which leads to pod shattering, grain splitting, and quality deterioration |
| भंडारण क्षमता एवं टिकाऊपन | Fresh green pods: 3–5 days at ambient temperature (15–28°C); Shelled green gram: 6–8 months under dry, cool storage with moisture content below 10% | Facilitates transport to distant markets and provides extended selling window without significant quality loss |
| मंडी मांग एवं उपयुक्तता | Fresh pod market, dry pulse mandi trade, food processing units, and direct consumer sales. Preferred by traders for uniform size and clean grain appearance | Commands premium rates in both fresh and dry markets due to consistent quality, good grading, and consumer acceptance |
⭐ किस्म की विशेषताएं — ਹਰਾGram ਹਰਾGold
विशिष्ट विशेषताएं जो इस किस्म को भारतीय किसानों की पहली पसंद बनाती हैं।
🌿 किस्म की मुख्य विशेषताएं
ਹਰਾGram ਹਰਾGold is a high-performing Phaseolus aureus variety developed for robust field performance under diverse Indian agro-climatic conditions, combining early maturity, strong branching, and uniform pod set.
🌿 उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं रूप-रंग
Produces bright green, straight pods with attractive appearance. Grains are small, round, and green with excellent cooking quality — soft texture, quick cooking time, and appealing taste preferred by consumers across India.
🌿 तनाव एवं रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता
Demonstrates good field tolerance to Yellow Mosaic Virus, powdery mildew, and root rot under moderate pressure. Exhibits reasonable drought resilience, making it suitable for rainfed and marginal environments.
🌿 वृद्धि स्वभाव एवं ओज (विगर)
Compact plant stature of 50–60 cm with 5–8 productive branches per plant. Erect to semi-erect habit ensures efficient canopy architecture, good light interception, and ease of manual harvesting.
🌿 फसल अवधि एवं पकने का समय
Reaches 50% flowering in 35–40 DAS and matures in 55–65 DAS, enabling timely land prep for succeeding Rabi or Kharif crops. Early maturity supports profitable double-cropping systems in central and western India.
🌿 मंडी एवं किसान प्राथमिकता
Favored by farmers for reliable germination, vigorous seedling growth, and uniform maturity. Traders and processors appreciate the clean, small-seeded variety with high grading consistency. Available in convenient 1 kg packing for precision sowing and easy handling.
