Description
खेती एवं बुवाई निर्देशिका — Castor Seeds GCH-2
फसल के सर्वोत्तम प्रबंधन, रोग प्रतिरोधकता और प्रीमियम उत्पादन के लिए संपूर्ण चरणबद्ध कृषि निर्देशिका।
🌾 भूमि की तैयारी एवं खेत सुधार
खेत की समुचित जुताई एवं तैयारी से एकसमान अंकुरण और मजबूत जड़ों का विकास होता है।
🌱 आदर्श मिट्टी का प्रकार एवं pH
Well-drained sandy loam to clay loam soils with pH 6.0–8.0. Deep, fertile soils with good organic matter content are preferred. Castor tolerates moderately alkaline and saline conditions.
✨ प्रमुख कृषि लाभ
GCH-2 exhibits vigorous early root development in well-aerated seedbeds, ensuring strong anchorage for semi-compact plant architecture and efficient nutrient uptake throughout the growing season.
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Deep summer ploughing to 25–30 cm depth followed by 2–3 cross-harrowings for fine tilth and weed destruction.
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Field leveling with bunds and drainage channels to prevent waterlogging during monsoon.
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Application of 10–12 tonnes per acre of well-decomposed FYM or compost during last ploughing for soil structure improvement.
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Soil health conditioning with gypsum (50 kg/acre) in slightly alkaline soils and sulfur (25 kg/acre) where needed; avoid excessive nitrogen in high-pH soils.
🌱 बुवाई का समय एवं विधि
सटीक बीज दर और सही दूरी से पौधों को पर्याप्त सूर्य का प्रकाश और संतुलित विकास मिलता है।
| मानक / पैरामीटर | अनुशंसा / निर्देश | कृषि महत्व |
|---|---|---|
| बुवाई समय सीमा | Early June to mid-July (Kharif); Early October to mid-November (Rabi in Gujarat/Rajasthan) | Ensures adequate monsoon moisture for germination and early growth; Rabi sowing avoids peak pest pressure. |
| बीज दर (प्रति एकड़) | 6–8 kg per acre (direct seeding); 3–4 kg/acre for nursery transplanted crop | Optimal population density supports 12–14 effective branches without overcrowding. |
| कतार एवं पौधे का अंतर | 90 cm (row-to-row) × 60 cm (plant-to-plant) | Balances canopy spread for sunlight interception and field access during multiple pickings. |
| बुवाई की गहराई | 3–4 cm in light soils; 5 cm in heavy soils | Promotes uniform emergence while protecting seeds from bird damage and surface crusting. |
💧 सिंचाई एवं जल प्रबंधन
उचित नमी प्रबंधन से पौधे की वानस्पतिक एवं फलने-फूलने की अवस्था में जोरदार विकास होता है।
☀️ जल आवश्यकता एवं सिंचाई प्रोफाइल
Castor is inherently drought-resilient with a deep taproot system. Under irrigated conditions, apply light irrigation at 10–12 day intervals during the vegetative phase and 8–10 day intervals during the reproductive phase. Drip irrigation is highly compatible and conserves water while delivering precise moisture to the root zone.
🌦️ Soil नमी प्रबंधन
In rainfed areas, sow at the first good soaking rain to ensure uniform germination. Apply mulching (paddy straw @ 2–3 tonnes/acre) to conserve soil moisture. Avoid moisture stress during flowering and capsule development, as it causes spikelet drop and poor capsule set.
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First irrigation should be given 15–20 days after sowing to support seedling establishment; avoid waterlogging at this stage.
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During vegetative growth (20–60 DAS), maintain light to moderate soil moisture with irrigation every 10–12 days.
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Critical stages — flowering and initial capsule development (60–90 DAS) — require consistent moisture; deficit at this stage directly reduces capsule set and spike vitality.
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Withhold irrigation 10–12 days before the final harvest to allow capsule drying on the plant and reduce post-harvest spoilage.
🧪 उर्वरक एवं पोषण प्रबंधन
संतुलित पोषण से मजबूत पौधा संरचना और उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली उपज प्राप्त होती है।
| पोषक तत्व | अनुशंसित मात्रा (प्रति एकड़) | प्रयोग विधि एवं समय |
|---|---|---|
| नाइट्रोजन (N) | 60–80 kg/acre | 40% basal at sowing; remaining split at 30 DAS and 60 DAS as top-dressing |
| Phosphorus (P2O5) | 40–50 kg/acre | 100% basal application with DAP or single super phosphate at sowing |
| Potash (K2O) | 30–40 kg/acre | 50% basal + 50% at 60 DAS to support capsule filling and stem vigor |
🌿 निराई-गुड़ाई एवं खरपतवार नियंत्रण
समय पर खरपतवार नियंत्रण से मुख्य फसल को पूर्ण पोषण और नमी मिलती है।
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1
पहली निराई-गुड़ाई: Carry out at 15–20 DAS using a rotary hoe or hand hoe. Keep the weed-free period critical up to 45 DAS to prevent competition for nutrients and moisture during early branching.
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2
दूसरी निराई एवं मिट्टी चढ़ाना: Perform at 35–40 DAS. Light earthing-up around the stem base improves root aeration and provides support for the developing plant with 12–14 effective branches.
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3
विशेष अंतर-कृषि क्रियाएं: Apply organic mulch (paddy straw or sunflower stalk) @ 2–3 tonnes/acre after second weeding to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. Remove suckers arising from axillary buds below the main spike to direct energy toward primary and secondary branch development.
🛡️ कीट एवं रोग नियंत्रण
फसल की सक्रिय निगरानी और एकीकृत प्रबंधन से रोगमुक्त एवं स्वस्थ फसल सुनिश्चित होती है।
🐛 कीट प्रबंधन एवं रोकथाम
- Shoot and Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera): Larvae bore into young shoots and developing capsules, causing wilting and. Control: Spray Profenophos 50 EC @ 1.5 ml/litre or Emamectin Benzoate 5 SG @ 0.3 g/litre at 30, 50, and 70 DAS. Install pheromone traps @ 5/acre for monitoring.
- Castor Aphid (Aphis jarambacae): Colonies on younger leaves and stems cause curling and honeydew sooting. Control: Spray Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.3 ml/litre or Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.2 g/litre. Encourage natural enemies like ladybird beetles and hoverflies.
- Leaf Spider Mite (Akaratus offutus): Fine webbing on lower leaf surface with stippling and bronzing of foliage. Control: Spray Hexythiazox 10 EC @ 1.0 ml/litre or Propargite 57 EC @ 1.5 ml/litre. Maintain adequate soil moisture to reduce mite proliferation.
🔬 रोग नियंत्रण एवं उपचार
- Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. rankae): Yellowing of lower leaves, wilting, and vascular browning of stem. GCH-2 is resistant. Prevention: Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride (4 g/kg seed) and soil drench with same @ 5 kg/acre in affected patches. Remove and destroy infected plants.
- Root Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina): Wilting, damping-off in seedlings, and charcoal-like microsclerotia on roots. Prevention: Avoid waterlogged conditions. Seed and soil treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg seed and 5 kg/acre respectively. Crop rotation with non-host crops recommended.
- Brown Leaf Spot (Cercospora ricinella): Circular brown spots with grey centres on lower leaves leading to defoliation. Prevention: Spraying Mancozeb 75 WP @ 2.5 g/litre or Carbendazim 50 WP @ 1.0 g/litre at first sign of infection. Ensure proper spacing for canopy air circulation.
✂️ कटाई एवं उपज गुणवत्ता निर्देशिका
सही परिपक्वता पर कटाई से अधिकतम मंडी भाव और बेहतर भंडारण क्षमता मिलती है।
⏱️ कटाई समय एवं निर्धारण
First picking begins at 90–95 DAS when primary spikes show yellowing and capsule tips begin to open. Subsequent pickings are taken at 10–12 day intervals from lateral spikes, totaling 4–6 pickings over 30–35 days.
⭐ उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं विशेषताएं
Medium bold spiny capsules with green stem ensure good field handling. The semi-compact spike architecture aids uniform ripening. Seeds exhibit high oil content potential, uniform size, and clean appearance with minimal shrivelling when harvested at correct maturity.
| गुणवत्ता मानक | कृषि मानक | किसान एवं मंडी लाभ |
|---|---|---|
| कटाई की अवस्था | 90–95 days after sowing on main spike | Ensures peak oil accumulation in seeds and early market opportunity. |
| परिपक्वता के लक्षण | Capsules turn pale green to yellowish-brown; tips begin to split; seeds rattle inside capsule | Prevents over-maturity, seed shattering, and fungal contamination in fields. |
| भंडारण क्षमता एवं टिकाऊपन | Well-dried seeds stored at <8% moisture retain viability and oil quality for 8–10 months under cool, dry conditions | Facilitates storage, transport, and off-season marketing with minimal quality degradation. |
| मंडी मांग एवं उपयुक्तता | Premium quality seeds suitable for oil extraction (expeller and solvent), castor bean processing, and export markets | Consistent grain size, colour, and low foreign matter attract better realisation in mandis and from processing units. |
⭐ किस्म की विशेषताएं — Castor Seeds GCH-2
विशिष्ट विशेषताएं जो इस किस्म को भारतीय किसानों की पहली पसंद बनाती हैं।
🌿 किस्म की मुख्य विशेषताएं
GCH-2 combines semi-compact spike architecture with triple bloom resistance and innate tolerance to Fusarium wilt and root rot, delivering reliable field performance across diverse Indian ecologies.
🌿 उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं रूप-रंग
Medium bold spiny capsules on green stems produce uniformly sized seeds with clean testa, high oil potential, and excellent commercial grading scores.
🌿 तनाव एवं रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता
Genetic resistance to wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) and root rot (Macrophomina phaseolina); triple bloom resistance ensures robust floral development even under marginal pest pressure.
🌿 वृद्धि स्वभाव एवं ओज (विगर)
Semi-compact plant type with 12–14 effective branches provides balanced canopy for light interception, easy field operations, and strong structural support for capsule load.
🌿 फसल अवधि एवं पकने का समय
Main spike matures in 110–115 days, enabling timely crop completion and flexible rotation with Rabi pulses or oilseeds in irrigated belts.
🌿 मंडी एवं किसान प्राथमिकता
AgriBee Seeds GCH-2 is trusted by farmers for its uniform plant stand, reduced input dependency for disease control, steady branching habit, and consistent seed quality that commands premium rates in processing and export channels.
