Description
खेती एवं बुवाई निर्देशिका — Groundnut AgriBee 11
फसल के सर्वोत्तम प्रबंधन, रोग प्रतिरोधकता और प्रीमियम उत्पादन के लिए संपूर्ण चरणबद्ध कृषि निर्देशिका।
🌾 भूमि की तैयारी एवं खेत सुधार
खेत की समुचित जुताई एवं तैयारी से एकसमान अंकुरण और मजबूत जड़ों का विकास होता है।
🌱 आदर्श मिट्टी का प्रकार एवं pH
Well-drained sandy loam to loam soils with pH 6.0–7.5. Deep, fertile soils with good organic matter content are preferred. Waterlogged or heavy clay soils must be avoided as they impair pod development and promote soil-borne diseases.
✨ प्रमुख कृषि लाभ
Loose, friable soil structure ensures easy peg penetration into the soil zone, promoting uniform pod set and healthy root nodulation for optimal nitrogen fixation.
- 1
Deep summer ploughing followed by 2–3 cross-harrowings to achieve a fine, well-tilled seedbed that promotes uniform germination.
- 2
Field leveling and formation of drainage channels to prevent waterlogging during heavy monsoon rains.
- 3
Incorporation of 10–12 tonnes/ha of well-decomposed FYM or vermicompost during the last ploughing to enhance soil structure and microbial activity.
- 4
Soil health conditioning with lime application (200–300 kg/ha) in slightly acidic soils to maintain optimal pH for rhizobial symbiosis and nutrient availability.
🌱 बुवाई का समय एवं विधि
सटीक बीज दर और सही दूरी से पौधों को पर्याप्त सूर्य का प्रकाश और संतुलित विकास मिलता है।
| मानक / पैरामीटर | अनुशंसा / निर्देश | कृषि महत्व |
|---|---|---|
| बुवाई समय सीमा | June – mid-July (Kharif) in most parts of India; October – November (Rabi) in South India and southern zones | Sowing during adequate soil moisture ensures rapid germination and avoids pre-monsoon dry spells that cause poor seedling emergence. |
| बीज दर (प्रति एकड़) | 100 kg/ha (40–45 kg/acre) | Optimized seed rate ensures uniform plant population without overcrowding, balancing canopy coverage and intra-canopy airflow. |
| कतार एवं पौधे का अंतर | 30 cm row-to-row × 15 cm plant-to-plant | Provides adequate space for plant branching, peg emergence, and pod development while maximizing land use efficiency. |
| बुवाई की गहराई | 5–7 cm in normal soils; up to 8 cm in sandy soils | Correct depth ensures consistent soil moisture contact for germination while allowing easy emergence of the epicotyl hook. |
💧 सिंचाई एवं जल प्रबंधन
उचित नमी प्रबंधन से पौधे की वानस्पतिक एवं फलने-फूलने की अवस्था में जोरदार विकास होता है।
☀️ जल आवश्यकता एवं सिंचाई प्रोफाइल
Groundnut AgriBee 11 exhibits moderate drought tolerance owing to its extensive taproot system. However, consistent soil moisture is critical during flowering through pod-filling stages. Under irrigated conditions, apply 4–5 sprinkler or drip irrigations at intervals of 10–12 days during the growing period. Drip irrigation with fertigation is highly recommended for water conservation and improved pod-setting.
🌦️ Soil नमी प्रबंधन
In rainfed ecosystems, synchronize sowing with well-distributed monsoon rainfall. Mulching with straw at 2–3 tonnes/ha helps retain soil moisture and suppress weeds. Avoid moisture stress during the 30–60 day window after sowing, which coincides with peak floral and peg development.
- ✓
First irrigation should be applied 7–10 days after sowing if soil moisture is inadequate, ensuring uniform germination and early stand establishment.
- ✓
During the vegetative phase (20–40 DAS), light irrigations at 8–10 day intervals promote vigorous canopy development and root proliferation.
- ✓
Critical irrigation stages: flowering (25–40 DAS) and pod-filling (50–80 DAS). Moisture stress at these stages significantly reduces pod number and kernel quality.
- ✓
Stop irrigation 10–12 days before harvest to allow pods to mature fully and reduce moisture content for safe storage and better shell separation.
🧪 उर्वरक एवं पोषण प्रबंधन
संतुलित पोषण से मजबूत पौधा संरचना और उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली उपज प्राप्त होती है।
| पोषक तत्व | अनुशंसित मात्रा (प्रति एकड़) | प्रयोग विधि एवं समय |
|---|---|---|
| नाइट्रोजन (N) | 20–25 kg/acre (25–30 kg/ha) | Apply 100% basal at sowing through DAP or urea. In low-N soils, a top dressing of 5 kg N/acre at 30 DAS may be applied. |
| Phosphorus (P2O5) | 40–50 kg/acre (50–60 kg/ha) | 100% basal application as DAP (18:46:00) or SSP along with seed treatment for optimal root development and nodulation. |
| Potash (K2O) | 20–25 kg/acre (25–30 kg/ha) | Apply 75% basal + 25% at 40 DAS through MOP to support pod filling, oil synthesis, and overall plant vigor. |
🌿 निराई-गुड़ाई एवं खरपतवार नियंत्रण
समय पर खरपतवार नियंत्रण से मुख्य फसल को पूर्ण पोषण और नमी मिलती है।
-
1
पहली निराई-गुड़ाई: Carry out first hoeing and weeding at 15–20 days after sowing (DAS) to eliminate early weed flush and break the soil crust. This is the most critical weed-free period for groundnut.
-
2
दूसरी निराई एवं मिट्टी चढ़ाना: Perform second weeding and earthing-up at 30–35 DAS. Mounding soil around the plant base protects emerging pegs, improves aeration, and prevents pod exposure which causes greenish discoloration.
-
3
Mulching and Inter-row Hoeing: Apply straw mulch at 2–3 tonnes/ha after second weeding to conserve soil moisture, suppress late weed growth, and regulate soil temperature. Mechanical inter-row hoeing at 45 DAS promotes healthy root respiration.
🛡️ कीट एवं रोग नियंत्रण
फसल की सक्रिय निगरानी और एकीकृत प्रबंधन से रोगमुक्त एवं स्वस्थ फसल सुनिश्चित होती है।
🐛 कीट प्रबंधन एवं रोकथाम
- Termites (Odontotermes spp.): Attack seedlings at emergence causing patchy stands. Control: Treat seeds with Chlorpyrifos 20 EC at 4 ml/kg seed or install pheromone trap cards at 10/acre. For active infestation, drench the soil with Quinalphos 25 EC at 2.5 ml/litre water around affected plants.
- Pod Borers (Helicoverpa armigera): Larvae bore into developing pods and feed on kernels. Control: Install light traps at 1 trap/acre. Spray Cartap hydrochloride 4 G at 12 kg/acre in standing water or Emamectin benzoate 5 SG at 0.3 g/litre water at first sign of infestation. Repeat at 10-day intervals if needed.
- வெள்ளைfly (Bemisia tabaci): Sucks sap and transmits powdery mildew and leaf curl viruses. Yellow sticky traps at 10/acre serve as monitoring tools. Spray Imidacloprid 17.8 SL at 0.3 ml/litre or Neonicotinoid-based formulations. Biological control with Encarsia formosa releases is also effective.
🔬 रोग नियंत्रण एवं उपचार
- Leaf Spot (Cercospora personata & Curvularia leaf spot): Brown to dark spots with yellow halos on leaves, leading to premature defoliation. Preventive spray: Mancozeb 75 WP at 2.5 g/litre or Azoxystrobin 23% SC at 0.5 ml/litre at 30 and 50 DAS. Ensure good canopy airflow through proper spacing.
- Tephritid Fruit Borer / Pod Borer complex: Entry holes in pods with frass accumulation inside. Cultural control: Deep ploughing post-harvest to destroy overwintering pupae. Chemical control: Spray Spinosad 45 SC at 0.3 ml/litre at flowering stage as a preventive measure.
- Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. arachidis): Wilting of individual branches starting from base, yellowing, and eventual plant death. Preventive measures: Use hybrid & research disease-free seeds, practice 3-year rotation with cereals, and drench soil with Trichoderma viride at 10 kg/acre mixed in 500 litres of water before sowing. Remove and burn infected plants immediately.
✂️ कटाई एवं उपज गुणवत्ता निर्देशिका
सही परिपक्वता पर कटाई से अधिकतम मंडी भाव और बेहतर भंडारण क्षमता मिलती है।
⏱️ कटाई समय एवं निर्धारण
Harvest commences 95–100 days after sowing. Uproot entire plants using a spade or mouldboard plough when soil moisture is conducive. Shake off excess soil and pile vines for field curing under shade for 2–3 days before pod detachment.
⭐ उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं विशेषताएं
Groundnut AgriBee 11 produces rosy-colored kernels with high oil content of 49.6%, delivering excellent flavor, crunch, and cooking quality. The compact plant height of 40–45 cm ensures ease of mechanical or manual harvesting with minimal pod breakage.
| गुणवत्ता मानक | कृषि मानक | किसान एवं मंडी लाभ |
|---|---|---|
| कटाई की अवस्था | 95–100 days after sowing (DAS) | Ensures full kernel development, optimal oil accumulation, and desirable rosy seed coat coloration. |
| परिपक्वता के लक्षण | Yellowing of lower leaves, hardening of pod walls, net-like pattern on shells, and kernels filling pod cavities completely | Prevents under-mature pods with shriveled kernels and over-mature pods prone to aflatoxin contamination. |
| भंडारण क्षमता एवं टिकाऊपन | 3–4 months under ambient conditions; up to 6 months at controlled humidity (below 70% RH) and cool temperatures | உயர்ந்தது oil content and robust seed coat ensure extended storability with minimal rancidity or insect attack. |
| मंडी मांग एवं उपयुक्तता | Suitable for oil extraction, confectionery use, roasted snacks, and direct table consumption | Premium oil percentage and attractive rosy kernel color attract better price realization in mandis and export markets. |
⭐ किस्म की विशेषताएं — Groundnut AgriBee 11
विशिष्ट विशेषताएं जो इस किस्म को भारतीय किसानों की पहली पसंद बनाती हैं।
🌿 किस्म की मुख्य विशेषताएं
Groundnut AgriBee 11 is bred for balanced growth with an oil content of 49.6%, making it ideal for both processing and direct market sales. Its semi-determinate growth habit ensures uniform pod distribution.
🌿 उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं रूप-रंग
Rosy-colored kernels with a smooth testaa and plump appearance. உயர்ந்தது oil content delivers rich flavor and excellent crunch, preferred by confectionery and snack food processors.
🌿 तनाव एवं रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता
Demonstrates good field tolerance to common leaf spots and moderate resistance to Fusarium wilt under integrated management. Drought-resilient architecture supports performance in marginal rainfall zones.
🌿 वृद्धि स्वभाव एवं ओज (विगर)
Compact plant stature of 40–45 cm with well-spaced branching allows efficient light interception and easy mechanized harvesting. Vigorous early canopy ensures competitive weed suppression.
🌿 फसल अवधि एवं पकने का समय
Flowering initiates at 35–40 DAS with maturity at 95–100 DAS, enabling timely crop rotation with subsequent Rabi or summer crops such as maize or sorghum.
🌿 मंडी एवं किसान प्राथमिकता
Farmers favor AgriBee 11 for its uniform plant architecture, reliable germination, and market-preferred rosy seed color. Traders and oil extractors value the consistently high oil percentage for superior processing recovery and oil output.
