Description
खेती एवं बुवाई निर्देशिका — Sesame Siddhi 99
फसल के सर्वोत्तम प्रबंधन, रोग प्रतिरोधकता और प्रीमियम उत्पादन के लिए संपूर्ण चरणबद्ध कृषि निर्देशिका।
🌾 भूमि की तैयारी एवं खेत सुधार
खेत की समुचित जुताई एवं तैयारी से एकसमान अंकुरण और मजबूत जड़ों का विकास होता है।
🌱 आदर्श मिट्टी का प्रकार एवं pH
Well-drained loamy to sandy loam soils with pH 6.0–7.5. Sesame is highly sensitive to waterlogging; deep, fertile soils free from saline alkalinity are ideal.
✨ प्रमुख कृषि लाभ
Fine seedbed with good structure ensures rapid and uniform germination of tiny sesame seeds and promotes deep root anchorage for upright plant stature.
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Deep summer ploughing followed by 2–3 cross-harrowings to achieve fine tilth and break hard pans.
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Field leveling using a laser leveler for uniform water distribution and drainage preparation to prevent water stagnation.
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Incorporation of well-decomposed FYM or farmyard compost at 5–8 tonnes/ha during last harrowing to improve soil structure and moisture retention.
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Soil health conditioning: apply gypsum at 250–500 kg/ha in saline-affected soils and maintain pH between 6.0–7.5 for optimum nutrient availability.
🌱 बुवाई का समय एवं विधि
सटीक बीज दर और सही दूरी से पौधों को पर्याप्त सूर्य का प्रकाश और संतुलित विकास मिलता है।
| मानक / पैरामीटर | अनुशंसा / निर्देश | कृषि महत्व |
|---|---|---|
| बुवाई समय सीमा | June – mid-July (Kharif) / Oct – Nov (Rabi in Gujarat & MP) | Aligns sowing with monsoon onset for adequate soil moisture and optimal germination; avoids late-season moisture stress. |
| बीज दर (प्रति एकड़) | 3–4 kg/ha (approx. 1.2–1.6 kg/acre) | Ensures optimal plant population density without overcrowding; supports uniform canopy development and capsule production. |
| कतार एवं पौधे का अंतर | 45 cm row-to-row x 10–15 cm plant-to-plant within row | Optimizes light interception, air circulation, and reduces humidity-related disease pressure around the canopy. |
| बुवाई की गहराई | 1–2 cm depth | Sesame seeds are tiny and require shallow sowing for rapid emergence; deeper sowing drastically reduces germination rate. |
💧 सिंचाई एवं जल प्रबंधन
उचित नमी प्रबंधन से पौधे की वानस्पतिक एवं फलने-फूलने की अवस्था में जोरदार विकास होता है।
☀️ जल आवश्यकता एवं सिंचाई प्रोफाइल
Sesame Siddhi 99 exhibits moderate drought tolerance once established, making it suitable for rainfed and marginal irrigation conditions. However, consistent soil moisture during flowering and pod-filling stages significantly enhances capsule set and seed oil content. Drip irrigation is highly compatible and improves water-use efficiency by 30–40% over flood irrigation.
🌦️ Soil नमी प्रबंधन
In rainfed areas, employ early sowing with residual soil moisture capture techniques such as broad bed and furrow (BBF) systems. Use mulching (straw or polythene) to reduce evaporation and conserve soil moisture during critical growth phases.
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First irrigation at 15–20 DAS if rainfed conditions show moisture deficit; critical for seedling establishment.
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Light irrigation every 10–12 days during vegetative phase (20–50 DAS) to support vigorous foliage and stem development.
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Critical irrigation at pre-flowering (40–45 DAS) and peak flowering to pod-setting stage (45–65 DAS); moisture stress during this period causes flower abscission and reduced capsule formation.
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Withhold irrigation completely during the last 15–20 days before harvest to promote uniform capsule maturation and prevent green capsule sprouting.
🧪 उर्वरक एवं पोषण प्रबंधन
संतुलित पोषण से मजबूत पौधा संरचना और उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली उपज प्राप्त होती है।
| पोषक तत्व | अनुशंसित मात्रा (प्रति एकड़) | प्रयोग विधि एवं समय |
|---|---|---|
| नाइट्रोजन (N) | 40–50 kg/acre (40–50 kg N via urea or DAP basal + top dressing at 30 DAS) | 50% basal at sowing; remaining 50% as top-dressing at 30 DAS for sustained vegetative growth and canopy vigor. |
| Phosphorus (P2O5) | 24–30 kg/acre (applied as DAP 18:46:00 or SSP) | 100% basal application at sowing along with row planting to promote root development and early nodal branching. |
| Potash (K2O) | 20–25 kg/acre (applied as MOP 0:0:60) | 100% basal application to enhance stalk strength, disease resistance, and overall plant architecture. |
🌿 निराई-गुड़ाई एवं खरपतवार नियंत्रण
समय पर खरपतवार नियंत्रण से मुख्य फसल को पूर्ण पोषण और नमी मिलती है।
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पहली निराई-गुड़ाई: Carried out at 15–20 DAS using a hand hoe or cultivator. Early weeding is critical as sesame has slow initial growth and is highly competitive against weeds. Shallow hoeing prevents root damage.
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दूसरी निराई एवं मिट्टी चढ़ाना: Conducted at 30–35 DAS to control mid-season weeds and provide slight earthing-up around the stem base for improved root aeration and lodging prevention during growth.
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Mulching Application: Straw mulching at 30 DAS conserves soil moisture, suppresses weed resurgence, and moderates soil temperature. Alternatively, inter-row hoeing at 40 DAS maintains a clean field during peak vegetative growth.
🛡️ कीट एवं रोग नियंत्रण
फसल की सक्रिय निगरानी और एकीकृत प्रबंधन से रोगमुक्त एवं स्वस्थ फसल सुनिश्चित होती है।
🐛 कीट प्रबंधन एवं रोकथाम
- Aphids (Aphis gossypii): Sucking sap from young shoots and pods, causing curling and stunting. Control: Spray Imidacloprid 17.8% SL at 0.3 ml/L water or Thiencarbazone 75% WG at 0.1 g/L water at 30 DAS and repeat at 45 DAS if infestation persists. Release ladybird beetles (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri) as a biological control agent.
- Shoot and Fruit Borer (Earias vittella / Helicoverpa armigera): Larvae bore into shoots and capsules causing wilting and direct seed damage. Control: Spray Spinosad 45% SC at 0.5 ml/L water or Chlorantraniliprole 18.4% SG at 0.2 ml/L water at first sign of bore holes. Deploy pheromone traps at 10 traps/acre for monitoring and mass trapping.
- Jassids / Leafhoppers (Amritodus atropunctatus): Honeydew secretion and leaf yellowing with characteristic orange spotting. Control: Spray Dimethoate 30% EC at 1.0 ml/L water or Acetamiprid 20% SP at 0.5 g/L water. Reflective mulch at sowing helps repel jassid population buildup.
🔬 रोग नियंत्रण एवं उपचार
- Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami): Yellowing and wilting of individual branches initially, progressing to whole-plant collapse with vascular browning. Prevention: Seed treatment with Carboxin + Thiram (0.1% w/w) or Trichoderma viride paste. Soil drench with Pseudomonas fluorescens at 10 g/L water at 30 DAS. Remove and destroy infected plants immediately.
- Alternaria Blight / Leaf Spot (Alternaria alternata): Irregular brown necrotic spots with concentric rings on leaves and stems; defoliation occurs under humid conditions. Prevention: Spray Mancozeb 75% WP at 2.0 g/L water or Copper oxychloride 50% WP at 3.0 g/L water at 40 DAS and 55 DAS. Maintain adequate row spacing for canopy ventilation.
- Powdery Mildew (Oidium sesami): வெள்ளை powdery fungal growth on leaves, pods, and stems reducing photosynthetic efficiency. Prevention: Spray Sulphur dust (80%) at 15–20 kg/acre or Wettable Sulphur 80% WP at 2.0 g/L water at first appearance. Avoid overhead irrigation and ensure good field drainage.
✂️ कटाई एवं उपज गुणवत्ता निर्देशिका
सही परिपक्वता पर कटाई से अधिकतम मंडी भाव और बेहतर भंडारण क्षमता मिलती है।
⏱️ कटाई समय एवं निर्धारण
Harvest begins when lower capsules turn brown and dry (80–85 DAS). Cut plants at ground level using a sickle. Staggered harvesting is recommended—harvest lower capsules first while upper capsules continue to mature on the plant.
⭐ उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं विशेषताएं
Premium white-colored seeds with uniform size, high oil content, clean appearance, and excellent cooking/roasting qualities. Capsules are long and slender with high seed retention capacity, minimizing shattering losses during harvest.
| गुणवत्ता मानक | कृषि मानक | किसान एवं मंडी लाभ |
|---|---|---|
| कटाई की अवस्था | 80–85 बुवाई के दिन बाद (DAS) — lower capsules browning | Ensures peak quality and early market arrival while upper capsules continue developing on plant. |
| परिपक्वता के लक्षण | Capsules turn straw-yellow to light brown; seeds inside are hard and white; plants show dry top growth | Prevents over-maturity, seed shattering losses, and germination inside capsule. |
| भंडारण क्षमता एवं टिकाऊपन | 6–8 months under cool, dry, and well-ventilated storage conditions with seed moisture below 8% | Facilitates long-distance transport, extended sales window, and maintains seed viability for next season's sowing. |
| मंडी मांग एवं उपयुक्तता | Ideal for oil extraction, edible roasted sesame, confectionery, tahini, and export markets requiring white sesame grades | Attracts premium market rates from oil mills, traders, and exporters due to consistent seed color, size uniformity, and high oil content. |
⭐ किस्म की विशेषताएं — Sesame Siddhi 99
विशिष्ट विशेषताएं जो इस किस्म को भारतीय किसानों की पहली पसंद बनाती हैं।
🌿 किस्म की मुख्य विशेषताएं
Sesame Siddhi 99 is a high-performing, semi-compact variety bred for Indian conditions with outstanding capsule retention and uniform maturity, minimizing pre-harvest shattering losses.
🌿 उपज की गुणवत्ता एवं रूप-रंग
Produces clean white seeds of uniform size and shape with excellent lustre, high oil content, and superior roasting quality preferred by both domestic processors and export buyers.
🌿 तनाव एवं रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता
Demonstrates strong field tolerance to Fusarium wilt and Alternaria blight under moderate disease pressure, along with decent drought resilience during moisture-deficit periods post-establishment.
🌿 वृद्धि स्वभाव एवं ओज (विगर)
தாவரத்தின் உயரம் of 95–105 cm with semi-erect branching habit providing balanced canopy spread, good light penetration, and sturdy stalks that resist lodging under normal wind conditions.
🌿 फसल अवधि एवं पकने का समय
Reaches 50% flowering in 45–50 days and full maturity in 80–85 days, enabling timely land preparation for subsequent Rabi or summer crops in multiple cropping systems.
🌿 मंडी एवं किसान प्राथमिकता
Farmers and traders favor Sesame Siddhi 99 for its reliable field performance, minimal harvest losses due to capsule shattering, consistent seed quality, and strong demand in both domestic and export markets.
