Description
शेती व लागवड संपूर्ण मार्गदर्शक — हिरवीगारGram Gujarat – 4
Complete step‑by‑step agronomic guide for optimal crop management, disease resistance, and premium produce quality.
🌾 जमिनीची पूर्वमशागत
Proper land preparation ensures uniform seedling emergence and robust root anchorage.
🌱 योग्य जमिनीचा प्रकार व सामू (pH)
Well‑drained sandy loam to clay loam soils with pH 6.0–7.5.
✨ प्रमुख कृषी फायदे
Promotes rapid germination and strong root anchorage in loose seedbed.
- 1
Deep summer ploughing followed by 2–3 cross‑harrowings for fine tilth.
- 2
Field leveling and drainage preparation to avoid waterlogging.
- 3
Incorporate 8–10 t/ha well‑decomposed FYM or compost during last ploughing.
- 4
Adjust soil pH with agricultural lime if below 5.5; maintain balanced fertility.
🌱 पेरणीची वेळ व पद्धत
Precise seed rate and spacing maximize light interception and canopy development.
| निकष / मापदंड | शिफारस / पद्धत | कृषी महत्त्व |
|---|---|---|
| पेरणीची वेळ | June–July for Kharif; October–November for Rabi; February–March for Summer | Aligns with monsoon onset or post‑rainfall moisture for uniform germination. |
| बियाणे प्रमाण (प्रति एकर) | 12–14 kg / Acre | Ensures optimal plant population without overcrowding. |
| लागवडीतील अंतर | 45 cm (Row‑to‑row) × 10 cm (Plant‑to‑plant) | Allows adequate canopy spread, light penetration, and ease of intercultural operations. |
| पेरणीची खोली | 3–4 cm | Ensures consistent soil moisture contact for germination without damping‑off. |
💧 पाणी व्यवस्थापन
Adequate moisture regulation supports strong vegetative and reproductive growth.
☀️ Water Requirement Profile
Moderate water demand; drought‑tolerant once established. Drip irrigation compatible with weekly 2–3 irrigations during dry spells.
🌦️ Soil Moisture Management
Avoid waterlogging at seeding; maintain consistent soil moisture during flowering and pod formation to prevent flower drop.
- ✓
First irrigation 5–7 days after germination to establish roots.
- ✓
Vegetative phase: light irrigations every 10–12 days depending on soil type.
- ✓
Critical stages: maintain soil moisture at flowering, pod initiation, and grain filling.
- ✓
Withhold irrigation 7–10 days before harvest to reduce moisture content and improve shelf life.
🧪 खत व्यवस्थापन
Balanced crop nutrition supports robust plant structure and premium produce quality.
| पोषक घटक | शिफारस केलेले प्रमाण (प्रति एकर) | वापरण्याची वेळ व पद्धत |
|---|---|---|
| नायट्रोजन (N) | 15–20 kg / Acre | Basal 50% + top‑dressing at 30 DAS. |
| Phosphorus (P₂O₅) | 30–40 kg / Acre | 100% basal as DAP or single super phosphate. |
| Potash (K₂O) | 15–20 kg / Acre | Split: 50% basal + 50% at flowering for pod quality. |
🌿 तण नियंत्रण व आंतरमशागत
Timely weed control ensures optimal nutrient and moisture availability for crop seedlings.
-
1
First Weeding & Hoeing: At 15 DAS to remove early weed flush and aerate soil surface.
-
2
Second Weeding & Earthing‑Up: At 30 DAS to control competitive weeds and provide stem support.
-
3
Mulching: Apply 2–3 t/ha of wheat straw mulch after second weeding to conserve soil moisture and suppress weeds.
🛡️ कीड व रोग व्यवस्थापन
Proactive crop monitoring and integrated management ensure healthy crop development.
🐛 Insect Pest Management
- Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera): Larvae bore into pods and feed on developing seeds. Control: Spray chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.3 ml/L or Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) @ 1 kg/ha at early infestation stage.
- Aphids (Aphis gossypii): Colonize tender shoots and pods, causing curling and honeydew sooty mold. Control: Spray imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3 ml/L or neem‑based pesticide @ 3 ml/L.
- Leaf Miner (Liriomyza spp.): Miners create serpentine tunnels in leaves, reducing photosynthetic area. Control: Apply cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD @ 0.5 ml/L or install yellow sticky traps @ 10/acre.
🔬 Disease Control
- Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe polygoni): पांढरा powdery growth on leaves and pods. Control: Spray sulfur 80% WP @ 2 g/L or myclobutanil 10% WP @ 0.5 g/L at first appearance.
- Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli): Water‑soaked lesions on leaves and pods, leading to defoliation. Control: Spray copper oxychloride 50% WP @ 3 g/L or streptocycline 50 ppm at 10‑day intervals.
- Mosaic Virus (MGMMV): Mottled leaf pattern, stunting, and pod distortion. Control: Manage whitefly vector with imidacloprid @ 0.3 ml/L; remove and destroy infected plants immediately.
✂️ काढणी व प्रत नियंत्रण
Harvesting at peak maturity ensures maximum commercial grade and long keeping quality.
⏱️ Harvesting Schedule & Timing
First picking at 55–60 DAS; subsequent pickings every 5–7 days until pod maturity ceases.
⭐ Produce Quality Characteristics
Pods are slender, bright green, tender, with high protein and dietary fiber. Grains are small, round, yellow‑green with smooth coat and good cooking quality.
| Quality निकष / मापदंड | Agronomic Standard | Farmer & Market Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| काढणीची अवस्था | 55–60 DAS | Ensures peak tenderness and early market arrival. |
| परिपक्वतेची लक्षणे | Pods firm, bright green, seeds just beginning to fill but not hardened | Prevents over‑maturity and fiber development. |
| Shelf Life & Keeping Quality | 3–5 days under ambient; up to 7 days refrigerated at 10°C | Facilitates local market transport and extended sales window. |
| बाजार उपयुक्तता | Fresh market, mandis, processing units for split pulses (monggo) | Attracts premium rates due to uniform size, color, and high nutritional value. |
⭐ विविध वैशिष्ट्ये — हिरवीगारGram Gujarat – 4
Distinguishing characteristics that make this variety a top choice for Indian growers.
🌿 Core Variety उच्चlight
Short duration (57–66 days) with consistent plant height 51–59 cm, enabling timely crop rotation.
🌿 Produce Quality & Appearance
हिरवीगार seed color, round grains, and slender pods with high market acceptability.
🌿 Stress & Disease Tolerance
Good tolerance to aphids, pod borer, and powdery mildew under typical Indian growing conditions.
🌿 Growth Habit & Vigor
Bushy architecture with 4–8 branches, promoting efficient light interception and resource use.
🌿 Crop Duration & Earliness
Flowering at 35–40 days, allowing flexible scheduling for kharif, rabi, and summer seasons.
🌿 Market & Farmer Preference
Reliable performance, uniform maturity, and high seed weight (3.6 g/100 seeds) make it a trusted choice among growers and traders.
