🌾 Crop Calendar & Agronomy Guide
Season-wise complete farming guide with sowing time, seed rate, fertilizer schedule, disease management, harvesting tips, and direct links to AgriBee's recommended hybrid seeds.
Maize / Corn (मक्का)
Sowing: June – July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 60 × 20 cm. Seed Rate: 7-8 kg/acre. Use dibbling method for precision planting.
💧 Irrigation
Critical at knee-high, tasseling & grain-fill stages. Avoid waterlogging. Total 4-5 irrigations in dry spells.
🧪 Fertilizer Schedule
Basal: 50 kg DAP/acre. Top Dress: 40 kg Urea at knee-high + 40 kg at tasseling stage. Add Zinc Sulphate 10 kg/acre.
🛡️ Pest & Disease
Watch for Fall Armyworm — spray Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG. For stem borer, use Carbofuran granules in whorl.
Groundnut (मूंगफली)
Sowing: June – Mid July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Bunch: 50 kg kernels/acre (30×10 cm). Spreading: 40 kg/acre (45×15 cm). Treat seeds with Thiram 3g/kg.
💧 Irrigation
Rain-fed crop mostly. Critical irrigation at pegging and pod development stage. Avoid waterlogging.
🧪 Fertilizer
Basal: Gypsum 200 kg/acre at pegging. Use 25 kg DAP + 50 kg Single Super Phosphate as base dose.
🛡️ Disease Management
Tikka disease: Spray Mancozeb 2.5g/L. Collar rot: Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride 4g/kg before sowing.
Castor (अरंडी)
Sowing: July – August🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 120 × 60 cm. Seed Rate: 2-3 kg/acre. Deep ploughing (25-30 cm) before sowing is essential.
💧 Irrigation
Drought-tolerant but 2 irrigations during flowering and capsule development increase yield by 30-40%.
🧪 Fertilizer
Basal: 25 kg DAP + 25 kg MOP/acre. Top dress 20 kg Urea at 30 DAS. FYM 2-3 ton/acre improves soil.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest when capsules turn brown (150-180 days). Dry spikes in sun for 5-7 days before threshing. Yield: 8-12 qtl/acre.
Sesame / Til (तिल)
Sowing: July (Kharif)🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row spacing: 30-45 cm. Seed Rate: 1.5-2 kg/acre. Mix with fine sand (1:4 ratio) for uniform broadcasting.
💧 Irrigation
Extremely sensitive to waterlogging. Needs light irrigation only at flowering and capsule formation. Ensure good drainage.
🧪 Fertilizer
Basal: 15 kg Urea + 40 kg SSP/acre. Sulphur application (20 kg/acre) increases oil content significantly.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest when lower capsules start turning brown and leaves yellow (80-95 days). Dry in bundles upright. Yield: 2-4 qtl/acre.
Soybean (सोयाबीन)
Sowing: June – July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 45 × 5 cm. Seed Rate: 30-35 kg/acre. Inoculate with Rhizobium + PSB culture before sowing.
💧 Irrigation
Mostly rain-fed. Critical moisture needed at flowering and pod-fill stages. Avoid water stagnation.
🧪 Fertilizer
Basal: 8 kg Urea + 50 kg SSP + 15 kg MOP/acre. Being a legume, it fixes its own nitrogen after establishment.
🛡️ Disease
Yellow Mosaic Virus via whitefly — spray Imidacloprid. Stem fly: Seed treatment with Thiamethoxam 30 FS.
Sunflower (सूरजमुखी)
Sowing: June – July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 60 × 30 cm. Seed Rate: 2-3 kg/acre. Sow seeds at 3-4 cm depth in moist soil.
🧪 Fertilizer
Basal: 30 kg Urea + 50 kg SSP + 20 kg MOP/acre. Boron spray (0.2%) at star bud stage improves seed-fill.
Fodder Bajra (चारा बाजरा)
Sowing: June – July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Seed Rate: 3-4 kg/acre for single cut, 5-6 kg for multi-cut. Row spacing 25-30 cm. Broadcasting also possible.
📦 Harvesting
First cut at 50-55 DAS, subsequent cuts every 30-35 days. Green fodder yield: 150-200 qtl/acre per season.
GreenGram / Moong (मूंग)
Sowing: June – July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 30 × 10 cm. Seed Rate: 6-8 kg/acre. Inoculate with Rhizobium before sowing for better nodulation.
💧 Irrigation
Mostly rain-fed. 1-2 light irrigations during flowering and pod-filling if rains are scanty. Avoid waterlogging.
🛡️ Disease Management
YVMV (Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus) via whitefly — spray Imidacloprid 0.3ml/L. For powdery mildew, use Sulphur spray.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest when 80% pods turn black/brown (60-70 days). Dry in sun 2-3 days and thresh. Yield: 3-5 qtl/acre.
BlackGram / Urad (उड़द)
Sowing: June – July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 30 × 10 cm. Seed Rate: 6-8 kg/acre. Treat seeds with Carbendazim 2g/kg + Rhizobium culture.
🧪 Fertilizer
Basal: 8 kg Urea + 50 kg SSP/acre. Being a legume, minimal nitrogen required. Add Rhizobium for nitrogen fixation.
🛡️ Disease Management
Cercospora leaf spot: Mancozeb 2.5g/L spray. Pod borer: Spray Quinalphos 25 EC at pod formation stage.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest when pods turn black (75-90 days). Dry and thresh carefully. Yield: 3-5 qtl/acre under good management.
Arhar / Toor Dal (अरहर)
Sowing: June – July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 60-90 × 20 cm. Seed Rate: 6-8 kg/acre. Treat seeds with Trichoderma 5g/kg + Rhizobium.
🛡️ Disease & Pest
Fusarium wilt: Use resistant varieties. Pod borer (Helicoverpa): Install pheromone traps + spray Neem oil at flowering.
Cowpea / Lobia (लोबिया)
Sowing: June – July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 45 × 15 cm. Seed Rate: 10-12 kg/acre. Dual purpose — grain + green fodder. Short duration crop (65-75 days).
📦 Harvesting
Pick green pods at 45-50 days for vegetable use. For grain, harvest when pods dry and turn brown. Yield: 4-6 qtl/acre.
Okra / Bhindi (भिंडी)
Sowing: June – July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 45 × 30 cm. Seed Rate: 3-4 kg/acre. Soak seeds in water 12 hrs before sowing for better germination.
💧 Irrigation
Irrigate every 4-5 days in dry periods. Mulching helps retain moisture. Critical during flowering and fruiting stage.
🛡️ Disease
YVMV: Spray Imidacloprid for whitefly control. Fruit & shoot borer: Spray Emamectin Benzoate at fruiting.
📦 Harvesting
Start picking tender fruits at 45-50 DAS, every 2-3 days. Don't delay — over-mature fruits become fibrous. Yield: 35-50 qtl/acre.
Chilli / Mirch (मिर्च)
Nursery: May | Transplant: July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 60 × 45 cm. Seed Rate: 200-250 g/acre (nursery). Transplant 30-35 day old seedlings.
🧪 Fertilizer
Basal: 50 kg DAP + 30 kg MOP/acre. Top dress 25 kg Urea at 30 DAS + 25 kg at 60 DAS. Micronutrient spray at flowering.
🛡️ Disease
Leaf curl via thrips: Spray Fipronil. Anthracnose: Spray Carbendazim 1g/L. Die-back: Copper oxychloride spray.
📦 Harvesting
Green chilli picking starts at 60-70 DAT. For dry red chilli, harvest when fruits turn fully red. Yield: 30-60 qtl/acre green.
Tomato (टमाटर)
Nursery: May-Jun | Transplant: Jul🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 60 × 45 cm. Seed Rate: 150-200 g/acre (nursery). Transplant 25-30 day old seedlings with staking support.
🧪 Fertilizer
Basal: 50 kg DAP + 30 kg MOP + 200 kg FYM/acre. Foliar spray of 19:19:19 at flowering and fruit set stage.
🛡️ Disease
Late blight: Spray Metalaxyl-Mancozeb. Leaf curl via whitefly: Use yellow sticky traps + Imidacloprid spray.
📦 Harvesting
Pick at breaker stage (pink tinge) for distant market. For local sale, pick fully red. Yield: 100-200 qtl/acre.
Brinjal / Baingan (बैंगन)
Nursery: May | Transplant: July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 75 × 60 cm. Seed Rate: 200-250 g/acre (nursery). Transplant 4-5 week old hardened seedlings.
🛡️ Disease & Pest
Fruit & shoot borer: Spray Spinosad at fruiting. Phomopsis blight: Carbendazim 1g/L spray. Wilt: Drench with Copper fungicide.
Cucumber (खीरा)
Sowing: June – July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 150 × 60 cm. Seed Rate: 400-500 g/acre. Direct sowing in pits with 2-3 seeds/pit; thin to 1 plant.
🛡️ Disease
Downy mildew: Metalaxyl-Mancozeb spray. Powdery mildew: Sulphur dust or Dinocap spray. Fruit fly: Use cue-lure traps.
Bottle Gourd / Lauki (लौकी)
Sowing: June – July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 250 × 90 cm. Seed Rate: 500-700 g/acre. Soak seeds overnight. Grow on pandal/trellis for best quality.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest tender fruits (30-35 cm) at 55-60 DAS. Pick every 3-4 days. Don't let fruits over-mature. Yield: 80-120 qtl/acre.
Bitter Gourd / Karela (करेला)
Sowing: June – July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 200 × 60 cm. Seed Rate: 500-700 g/acre. Soak seeds 24 hrs, sow in pits. Best with trellis/pandal system.
🛡️ Disease
Fruit fly: Use pheromone traps + poison bait (Malathion + Jaggery). Powdery mildew: Wettable Sulphur spray.
Sponge Gourd / Tori (तोरई)
Sowing: June – July🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 200 × 60 cm. Seed Rate: 500-700 g/acre. Grows vigorously on trellis. Soak seeds before sowing.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest tender green fruits every 2-3 days starting 45-50 DAS. Over-mature fruits develop fibre. Yield: 50-80 qtl/acre.
Wheat (गेहूं)
Sowing: Nov – Dec🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row spacing: 20-22 cm. Seed Rate: 40-50 kg/acre. Treat seeds with Carboxin-Thiram 2g/kg before sowing.
💧 Irrigation
First at CRI (21 DAS) is most critical. Then at tillering, jointing, flowering, milking, dough stage. Total: 4-6 irrigations.
🧪 Fertilizer
Basal: 65 kg DAP + 25 kg MOP/acre. Top dress 50 kg Urea in 2 splits — at CRI and tillering stage. Zinc sulphate 10 kg/acre.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest when grains are hard and moisture is 12-14% (130-150 days). Use combine or manual. Yield: 18-25 qtl/acre.
Gram / Chana (चना)
Sowing: Oct – Nov🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 30 × 10 cm. Desi type: 30-35 kg/acre, Kabuli: 40-45 kg/acre. Treat with Carbendazim + Rhizobium.
💧 Irrigation
Pre-sowing (palewa) irrigation is essential. 1-2 light irrigations at branching and pod formation. Avoid excess watering.
🛡️ Disease & Pest
Wilt: Use resistant varieties + Trichoderma seed treatment. Pod borer (Helicoverpa): Neem oil spray + pheromone traps.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest when leaves turn yellow and pods dry (110-130 days). Uproot plants, dry in sun. Yield: 6-10 qtl/acre.
Cumin / Jeera (जीरा)
Sowing: Nov – Dec🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Broadcasting or line sowing at 25-30 cm rows. Seed Rate: 5-6 kg/acre. Mix with sand for uniform sowing. Light soil cover.
💧 Irrigation
First light irrigation immediately after sowing. Total 5-7 irrigations. Avoid heavy watering — promotes blight. Use sprinkler if possible.
🛡️ Disease Management
Blight (most dangerous): Preventive spray Mancozeb 2.5g/L from 30 DAS. Powdery mildew: Wettable Sulphur spray. Ensure good air circulation.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest when plants turn yellowish-brown (100-120 days). Dry in bundles for 5-7 days and thresh. Yield: 2.5-4 qtl/acre.
Coriander / Dhania (धनिया)
Sowing: Oct – Nov🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row spacing: 25-30 cm. Seed Rate: 8-10 kg/acre. Split seeds gently before sowing for better germination. Soak overnight.
💧 Irrigation
Light and frequent irrigations (8-10 total). First irrigation 3-4 DAS. Critical at flowering and seed-fill stage. Avoid waterlogging.
🛡️ Disease Management
Stem gall: Use resistant varieties + Carbendazim seed treatment. Powdery mildew: Wettable Sulphur 3g/L spray. Aphids: Dimethoate spray.
📦 Harvesting
For green leaf: multiple cuttings from 40-50 DAS. For grain: harvest when fruits turn yellowish-brown (100-120 days). Yield: 4-6 qtl/acre (grain).
Fenugreek / Methi (मेथी)
Sowing: Oct – Nov🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row spacing: 20-25 cm (line sowing). Seed Rate: 10-12 kg/acre. Soak seeds overnight and treat with Rhizobium for better yield.
🧪 Fertilizer
Basal: 8 kg Urea + 50 kg SSP/acre. No top dressing needed. Apply Phosphorus for root development. FYM 2 ton/acre beneficial.
📦 Harvesting
For green leaves: cut from 25-30 DAS onwards. For grain (Kasuri Methi): harvest when pods mature (130-140 days). Yield: 4-6 qtl/acre.
🛡️ Disease
Root rot: Seed treatment with Thiram 3g/kg. Powdery mildew: Spray wettable Sulphur. Downy mildew: Metalaxyl spray.
Mustard / Sarson (सरसों)
Sowing: Oct – Nov🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 45 × 15 cm. Seed Rate: 1.5-2 kg/acre. Ensure optimum plant population (40-50 plants/sqm) for best yield.
🧪 Fertilizer
Basal: 25 kg Urea + 50 kg SSP + 10 kg MOP/acre. Sulphur 20 kg/acre increases oil content. Top dress Urea at 30 DAS.
🛡️ Disease & Pest
Aphids (most critical): Spray Imidacloprid at flowering onset. White rust: Metalaxyl-Mancozeb spray. Alternaria: Iprodione spray.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest when siliquae (pods) turn yellowish and seeds are brown (120-140 days). Thresh after drying. Yield: 6-8 qtl/acre. Oil content: 36-42%.
Onion (प्याज)
Nursery: Oct | Transplant: Dec🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 15 × 10 cm. Seed Rate: 3-4 kg/acre (nursery). Transplant 6-8 week old seedlings. Raised beds preferred.
🧪 Fertilizer
Basal: 50 kg DAP + 40 kg MOP + 25 kg Sulphur/acre. Top dress 25 kg Urea at 30 DAT. SSP is better than DAP for onion.
🛡️ Disease
Purple blotch: Mancozeb 2.5g/L spray. Thrips (most damaging): Fipronil 2ml/L spray. Neck rot: Stop irrigation 10 days before harvest.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest when 50-75% tops fall (120-150 days). Cure in shade for 7-10 days before storage. Yield: 100-150 qtl/acre.
Cauliflower (फूलगोभी)
Nursery: Sep | Transplant: Oct-Nov🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 60 × 45 cm. Seed Rate: 150-200 g/acre (nursery). Transplant 4-5 week seedlings. Needs cool weather (15-22°C).
🧪 Fertilizer
Heavy feeder. 50 kg DAP + 40 kg MOP + 100 kg Urea/acre (split). Boron spray essential — prevents brown curd and hollow stem.
🛡️ Disease & Pest
Diamond back moth: Spinosad spray. Black rot: Copper oxychloride. Curd rot: Avoid overhead irrigation + Mancozeb spray.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest compact, white curds before they become loose (60-90 DAT). Blanch curds by tying outer leaves. Yield: 80-120 qtl/acre.
Cabbage (पत्तागोभी)
Nursery: Sep | Transplant: Oct-Nov🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 60 × 45 cm. Seed Rate: 150-200 g/acre. Transplant 4-5 week old seedlings in evening hours.
🛡️ Disease
Black rot: Hot water seed treatment (50°C, 30 min). Diamond back moth: Bt spray or Spinosad. Head splitting: Avoid excess nitrogen.
Capsicum / Shimla Mirch (शिमला मिर्च)
Nursery: Sep | Transplant: Oct🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 60 × 45 cm. Seed Rate: 100-150 g/acre (nursery). Staking/support needed. Mulching improves yield.
📦 Harvesting
Green fruits: Pick at 55-60 DAT. Coloured: Let ripen on plant. Handle gently — bruised fruits rot quickly. Yield: 60-100 qtl/acre.
Radish (मूली)
Sowing: Oct – Nov (Direct)🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row spacing: 30-40 cm. Seed Rate: 3-4 kg/acre. Direct sowing on raised beds. Thin seedlings at 15 DAS to 8-10 cm apart.
📦 Harvesting
Pull roots when 25-30 cm long (35-45 DAS). Delay causes pithy/fibrous roots. Quick crop — ideal for intercropping. Yield: 80-120 qtl/acre.
Carrot (गाजर)
Sowing: Oct – Nov🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row spacing: 30 cm. Seed Rate: 2-3 kg/acre. Direct sowing on raised beds. Thin at 20 DAS to 5-8 cm apart. Needs deep loose soil.
📦 Harvesting
Pull roots when shoulder diameter is 3-4 cm (80-90 DAS). Irrigate before pulling for easy harvesting. Yield: 80-100 qtl/acre.
Beetroot (चुकंदर)
Sowing: Oct – Nov🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 30 × 10 cm. Seed Rate: 3-4 kg/acre. Soak seeds 24 hrs before sowing. Prefers slightly alkaline soil (pH 6.5-7.5).
📦 Harvesting
Harvest when roots are 5-7 cm diameter (60-70 DAS). Over-mature roots become woody. Yield: 80-100 qtl/acre.
Spinach & Saag (पालक / साग)
Sowing: Oct – Nov🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row spacing: 20-25 cm. Seed Rate: 10-15 kg/acre (broadcasting). Multiple cuttings possible — first cut at 25-30 DAS.
📦 Harvesting
Cut leaves 4-5 cm above ground for regrowth. Total 4-5 cuts per season. Green yield: 40-60 qtl/acre per cut cycle.
Marigold (गेंदा)
Nursery: Sep | Transplant: Oct🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 40 × 30 cm. Seed Rate: 300-400 g/acre. Pinch terminal bud at 30 DAT for bushy growth and more flowers.
📦 Harvesting
Flower picking starts 60-65 DAT. Pick in early morning. Regular picking promotes more flowering. Yield: 40-60 qtl flowers/acre.
Watermelon (तरबूज)
Sowing: Feb – March🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 250 × 90 cm. Seed Rate: 300-400 g/acre. Sow on raised beds. Black plastic mulching increases yield by 30%.
💧 Irrigation
Drip irrigation recommended. Critical at flowering and fruit development. Reduce watering 7 days before harvest to increase sweetness (Brix).
🧪 Fertilizer
Basal: 50 kg DAP + 30 kg MOP/acre. Drip fertigation with 19:19:19 at vegetative, 13:0:45 at fruit development stage.
📦 Harvesting
Tap test: hollow sound = ripe. Ground spot turns yellow. Tendril near fruit dries. Harvest at 75-90 DAS. Yield: 200-300 qtl/acre.
Muskmelon / Kharbooja (खरबूजा)
Sowing: Feb – March🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 200 × 60 cm. Seed Rate: 400-500 g/acre. Sow in pits on riverbeds or sandy loam soil for best quality.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest when fruit develops net, stem slips easily (full slip stage), and aroma develops. 60-80 DAS. Yield: 60-100 qtl/acre.
IceBox Watermelon (आइसबॉक्स तरबूज)
Sowing: Feb – March🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 200 × 60 cm. Seed Rate: 200-300 g/acre. Compact fruit (2-4 kg) — fits in refrigerator. Premium market price.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest when tendril dries and ground spot turns creamy-yellow (70-80 DAS). Very sweet and crispy flesh. Yield: 100-150 qtl/acre.
Tinda / Apple Gourd (टिंडा)
Sowing: Feb – March🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 150 × 90 cm. Seed Rate: 1-1.5 kg/acre. Sow 2-3 seeds per pit. Direct sowing in warm soil (>25°C).
📦 Harvesting
Harvest small, tender fruits (4-5 cm diameter) at 50-55 DAS. Pick every 3 days. Yield: 40-60 qtl/acre.
Pumpkin (कद्दू)
Sowing: Feb – March🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 300 × 120 cm. Seed Rate: 500-700 g/acre. Sow in pits with FYM mix. Needs lots of space for vine spread.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest mature fruits when stem dries and skin hardens (100-120 DAS). Can be stored for months. Yield: 80-120 qtl/acre.
Ash Gourd / Petha (पेठा)
Sowing: Feb – March🌱 Seed Rate & Spacing
Row × Plant: 300 × 120 cm. Seed Rate: 500-700 g/acre. Heavy feeder. Grows best with trellis support or trailing on ground.
📦 Harvesting
Harvest when fruit develops waxy white coating (90-120 DAS). Can be stored 3-6 months. Yield: 100-150 qtl/acre.
Vegetable Seed Combos (घरेलू बगीचा)
Year-round🏡 Who is it for?
Perfect for home gardening, terrace farming, and kitchen gardens. Pre-selected mix of seasonal vegetables for guaranteed variety.
📦 What's Included
Curated mix of 4-9 vegetable seeds ideal for small spaces. Includes easy-to-grow varieties with sowing instructions.